Russia 1894-1921: 1905 Revolution

Russia 1894-1921: 1905 Revolution

1. Opponents of the Tsar

   • Social Revolutionaries
     • The Social Revolutionaries believed that Russia should belong to the peasants
     • The Social Revolutionaries were led by Victor Chernov
     • The Social Revolutionaries wanted a revolution
   • The Liberals
     • The Liberals Wanted the Tsar to share his power with an elected Government
     • The Liberals did NOT want a revolution
   • The Social Democratic Party
     • The Social Democratic Party believed in the ideas of Karl Marx
       • These 'ideas' were a way to run a Government were every man is equal
         • This is called Communism
     • The Social Democrat Party split into two
       • Mensheviks
         • The Mensheviks believed that a revolution must happen gradually and that they must have the support of the people
         • The Mensheviks wanted a democracy
       • Bolsheviks
         • The Bolsheviks believed that a revolution could only happen through force
         • The Bolsheviks were led by Lenin
           • Lenin was born as Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov at Simbirsk in a town called Volga in 1870
           • Lenin was part of a Middle Class family
         • The Bolsheviks wanted one person to rule

2. The Ideas of Karl Marx

   • Karl Marx was a German 'thinker'
   • He made a form of Government that would be fair and create a better world
   • He believed his ideas would only take hold in an industrialised country
   • He said 'Society is run by the rich'
     • He believed that they had to be removed for his society to work
       • This required TWO revolutions
         • The first would be for the lower and middle classes to remove the upper class
           • Then the lower class would remove the middle class

3. Russian People

   • Supporters
     • Nobles
       • The Tsar was their source of wealth
     • Army
       • The Tsar hand picked officers, who were often Nobles
     • Peasants
       • Believed the Tsar was chosen by God
     • Okrana
       • 'The Secret Police'
       • They spied for the Tsar and stopped any revolutionary attempts
     • The Church
       • The Tsar was their source of wealth
       • They made the peasants believe that the Tsar was chosen by God
   • Opposition
     • Middles Classes
       • They wanted the Tsar to share his power so that they could have a say in the Government
     • Factory Workers
       • They wanted the Tsar to give them less working hours, higher pay and better living conditions
     • Revolutionaries
       • They wanted to take all of the Tsar's power
     • The Students
       • They were educated with new ideas of democracy
         • They believed that Russia should work like this too

4. Bloody Sunday

   • The workers were in horrible conditions
     • They had low pay, high working hours and terrible living conditions
   • A priest, Father Gapon, arranged with the workers that they would march up to the Winter Palace and ask for improvements to pay, working hours and living conditions
     • Father Gapon sends a letter informing the Tsar of this march the day before
       • But the Tsar was not in the Winter Palace as he had returned home as his son was bleeding
         • His son had a disease that stopped his blood from clotting
         • The workers came in a peaceful march but the Tsars men protecting the Winter Palace didn't know these people would be here
           • The soldiers opened fire on the crowd and killed between 100-1000 people
             • This started the 1905 revolution

5. 1905 Revolution

   • Workers went on strike
   • Mutiny on the Potemik Battleship
   • Towns 'broke off' of Russia and formed small Governments called 'Soviets'
   • Minorities demanded 'freedom' from Russia
   • Middle Class demanded a Duma
   • Peasants burned down the houses of the landowners who they believed had 'stolen their land'

6. Octobe Manifesto

   • This maifesto gave the people what they wanted
     • The peasants no longer had to pay redemption payments
     • The workers were given right to free speech and assosiation
     • The Middle Class got a Duma
   • The Tsar was assissted by his advisors for the October Manifesto

7. Stolypin's Reforms

   • Stolypin was the Prime Minister of the third Duma
   • He supported the Tsar
   • He invented Kosaks
     • Kosaks were a richer class of peasant
       • The idea was to make the peasants support the Tsar again
   • He built up industry
     • This was to make the Middle Class support the Tsar
   • He severly punished anyone who opposed the Tsar
     • This made the working class hate the Tsar
     • This was nicknamed Stolypin's Necktie

8. The Dumas

   • The first Duma was closed because they asked for too much
   • The second Duma was closed because it was filled with revolutionaries
   • The third Duma's Prime Minister wa Stolypin, who supported the Tsar
     • This Duma closed when Stolypin was assassinated
       • Okrana knew about the assassination, but let it happen as the Tsar thought Stolypin was getting too smart