LONG TERM MEMORY

LONG TERM MEMORY

1. MAJOR DIVISIONS

   • LONG TERM MEMORY
     • DECLARATIVE MEMORY (EXPLICIT)
       • EVENTS (EPISODIC)
         • PERSONAL EXPERIENCES FROM PARTICULAR TIME & PLACE
       • FACTS (SEMANTIC)
         • WORLD KNOWLEDGE, OBJECT KNOWLEDGE ETC
   • SHORT TERM MEMORY
     • NON-DECLARATIVE (IMPLICIT)
       • PROCEDURAL
         • SKILLS (MOTOR & COGNITIVE)
       • PERCEPTUAL REPRESENTATION SYSTEM
         • PERCEPTUAL PRIMING
       • CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
         • CONDITIONED RESPONSES BETWEEN 2 STIMULI
       • NON-ASSOCIATIVE LEARNING
         • HABITUATION, SENSITISATION

2. STAGES

   • ENCODING
     • PROCESS WHERE MEMORIES FORMED
   • STORAGE
     • MAINTENANCE OF ENCODED INFO
   • RETRIEVAL
     • DORMANT MEMORIES ACTIVATED & INFLUENCE BEHAVIOUR/COGNITION

3. MULTIPLE SYSTEMS? ONE SYSTEM?

   • COLLECTION of PROCESSES that OPERATE INDEPENDENTLY from other systems
   • ONE memory system, MULTIPLE PROCESSES operating, or MULTIPLE WAYS of accessing contents
   • IMPLICIT & EXPLICIT SEPARATE SYSTEMS?
     • DIRECT TASKS
       • report on PAST EXPERIENCES: RECOGNITION, CUED RECALL, FREE RECALL
         • AMNESIA! H.M.
           • DAMAGE to MEDIAL TEMPORAL LOBE -> CAN'T CONSCIOUSLY REMEMBER ANYTHING AFTER INJURY
             • BUT!! INTACT PERFORMANCE ON INDIRECT TASKS (PERCEPTUAL IDENTIFICATION, PROCEDURAL LEARNING) - MILNER 1970, 62
           • HEALTHY PEOPLE
             • STUDY MANIPULATIONS!
               • ENHANCE DIRECT PERFORMANCE BUT NO EFFECT ON INDIRECT TESTS
                 • DEEP VS SHALLOW PROCESSING: JACOBY & DALLAS (1981) - ENHANCED RECOGNITION, NO EFFECT OF PERCEPTUAL IDENTIFICATION
           • BUT!! DIFFICULT to GENERALISE to HEALTHY PEOPLE!
     • VS.
     • INDIRECT TASKS
       • measure CHANGE IN BEHAVIOUR due to EXPERIENCE WITHOUT REFERENCE to SOURCE of info: FREE ASSOCIATION, SKILL LEARNING
       • PROBLEMS WITH TASK BASED ANALYSIS?
         • are they PURE MEASURES?
           • MANY WAYS to SOLVE TASKS - MAY BE AWARE MEMORY BEING TESTED SO TRY TO REMEMBER EVEN IN INDIRECT TASKS
             • AMNESIACS MAY HAVE SOME RESIDUAL EXPLICIT MEMORY TO PERFORM AN "EASIER" TASK