Attachment

Attachment

1. Evolutionary Theory

   • Bowlby
     • Adaptive
     • Social Releases
     • Critical Period
     • Monotrophy
     • Internal Working Model
   • Strengths
     • Support Internal Working Model
       • Hazan & Shaver
         • Love Quiz
           • Expected similar attachment in romantic relationship as primary attachment
             • Continuity Hypothesis
     • Support Critical Period
       • Hodges & Tizard
         • Those not formed attachments early in life, lacked ability to form meaningful attachments as they got older
     • Support Adaptive & Innate
       • Lorenz
         • Imprinting
   • Limitations
     • Reject Critical Period
       • Koluchova
         • Czech Twins
     • Multiple Attachments
       • Schaffer & Emerson
         • High percentage of first attachments, with Father
     • Politically funded & motivated

2. A strong, enduring, emotional & reciprocal bond between two people, especially an infant and a caregiver

3. Learning Theory (Cupboard Love Theory)

   • "Tabula Rasa"
     • All behaviours are learnt
   • Disregards innate biological factors
     • Genetics
   • Operant Conditioning
     • Consequences
     • Primary Reinforcers
       • Food & Warmth - Physical Satisfaction
     • Secondary Reinforcers
       • Caregiver - Provides Food & Warmth
   • Classical Conditioning
     • Association
       • Food with pleasure and therefore the caregiver
     • UCS ---> UCR
     • UCS + NS ---> UCR
     • NS ---> UCR
     • CS ---> CR
   • Nature
   • Strengths
     • Evidence - Operant Conditioning
       • Dollard & Miller
   • Limitations
     • Overestimated importance of food
       • Schaffer & Emerson
         • Mother's asked about children's level of protest in seperation situations
           • Children attached to figures other than mother - primary caregiver whoever provides correct reinforcement
         • Evaluation
           • Experimental Validity
             • Demand Characteristics
           • Higher Ecological Validity
           • Findings consistent with cross-cultural studies into child-rearing
       • Harlow
         • Monkeys