Quiz
General Pathoanatomy Final MCQs (111-200)- 3rd Year- PMU
Questions in this quiz (90)
1What is pathology?
- Athe science that studies the changes at cellular, tissue and organ level caused by diseases
- Bthe science that studies the body structure and morphology
- Cmedical discipline which aims to find the cause of death when a crime is suspected
- Dmedical discipline which provides the morphological diagnosis for the clinical practice
2Define the main branches of pathology
- Ageneral pathology
- Bclinical pathology
- Csystemic pathology
- Dexperimental pathology
3Mark the correct statements.
- A"clinical pathology" builds up a theoretical idea of the pathological process
- B"general pathology" studies the specific morphological changes in organs and systems caused by a particular disease
- C'experimental pathology" researches the diseases using experimental animals and follows up the morphological changes caused by their treatment.
- Da and b statements are correct in reverse manner
4What are the possible outcomes of a disease.
- Arecovery
- Bto become chronic
- Cdeath
- Dall of the above
5Which of the following isn't a sign of death?
- Alivores
- Brigor mortis
- Cdecay
- Dcalor
6Mark the correct statement(s)
- AAlgor mortis is stiffness of muscles after death
- BRigor mortis is drying of the body after death
- CLivores are a violet-colored skin areas which develop after death
- DDecay is an early sign of death
7Which are the specific methods of pathology?
- Aautopsy
- Bbiopsy
- Cclinical examination
- Dclinical laboratory tests
8Which of the followings are methods for taking biopsy?
- Aexcision
- Bincision
- Csurgical
- Dall of the listed
9Which are the purposes of pathological autopsy?
- Ato accuse the clinicians of medical malpractice
- Bto establish the cause of death and the definitive diagnosis
- Cto help and educate clinicians and to improve their work
- Dto help the relatives of the deceased to convict the doctors
10Which are the conditions for an autopsy to be done?
- Adeath occurred in a hospital due to a disease
- Bavailable medical history of the patient
- Cpresence of the treating doctor
- Dall of the listed above
11What are the characteristics of a frozen section?
- Aurgent diagnosis given during an operation
- Bthe preparation of the tissue samples is done by a paraffin method
- Cthe preparation of the tissue samples is done on a freezing microtome
- Dsometimes the diagnosis is not exactly clear because of the preparation method but information like "malignant tumor" "benign tumor" or "inflammation" is given to the surgeons to know how to proceed with the operation
12Which fixative is most commonly used?
- Abouin solution
- Babsolute alcohol
- Cformalin 10%
- Dsalts of heavy metals
13What fixative should be used for a liver biopsy from a baby with a suspected inherited metabolic disease?
- AFormalin 10%
- B1.5-4% glutaraldehyde
- CFrozen section
- DZenker's fixative
14What is the role of immunohistochemical stains?
- Ato give urgent answers about the diagnosis or at least orientation about the pathological process during surgery
- Bto determine the histogenesis of the tumor especially in highly undifferentiated malignant tumors
- Cto determine the proliferative activity and the hormonal receptors of the tumor that is highly important for the treatment
- Dto help determine the cause of death
15Cytokeratin, S-100 protein, Vimentin, Desmin, CD-20 are examples of:
- Aspecial stains to prove different substances
- Bimmunohistochemical markers
16In which cases a pathological autopsy is performed?
- Awhen there is suspicion for diagnostic or therapeutic malpractice
- Bdeath of a person outside the hospital
- Cwhen there is suspicion of violent death
- Ddeath of a patient in the hospital and when the relatives don't ask the principal to cancel the autopsy
17Which of the followings is not a part of performing an autopsy?
- Adissection of organs
- Bopening the body
- Ctaking biopsy from organ changes
- Dextraction of abdominal and thoracic organs
18Size, shape, elasticity, consistency, color and cut surface are characteristics of:
- Amicroscopic examination of organs
- Bgross examination of organs
- Cultramicroscopic examination of organs
- Dnone of the listed
19Indicate correctly the name of the described test.
The pericardial sac is cut in Y-like section and filled with water, after that, in the presence of a witness, the right ventricle is punctured with a knife.- Atest for thromboembolism
- Btest for pneumothorax
- Ctest for air and gas embolism
- Dtest for fat embolism
20Indicate correctly the name of the described test.
The pulmonary artery is cut at the place of truncus pulmonalis. Tweezers are inserted and the content of the artery is taken out for examinationion.- Atest for pneumothorax
- Btest for air and gas embolism
- Ctest for thromboembolism
- Dtest for fat embolism
21Indicate correctly the name of the described test.
A pocket between the skin and the ribs is formed and is filled with water. In the presence of a witness, the thorax is punctured with a thin knife in an intercostal space.- Atest for air and gas embolism
- Btest for fat embolism
- Ctest for thromboembolism
- Dtest for pneumothorax
22Where is the main accumulation of glycogen in patients with diabetes?
- Ain epithelial cells of convoluted tubules and Henle's loop
- Bin epithelial cells of gastrointestinal mucosa
- Cin the nuclei and in the cytoplasm of the hepatocytes
- Dendothelial cells of the vessels
23Mark the correct statement(s) for Mallory bodies?
- Athey are accumulations of glycogen in the cytoplasm of the hepatocytes
- Bthey are hyaline inclusions in the cytoplasm of the hepatocytes
- Cthey are caused by consumption of toxic mushrooms
- Dthey are seen in Wilson's disease, liver cancer, primary biliary cirrhosis but mainly in alcoholic disease
24Mark the correct statement(s) for Von Gierke's disease?
- Ait is a genetic autosome-recessive disease
- Banother name is glycogenosis type Il
- Cit affects mainly the heart leading to severe heart failure in infants
- Dthere is excessive storage of normal glycogen in the liver and kidneys
25Mark the correct statement(s) for cellular edema
- Ait is abnormal accumulation of water in the cytoplasm
- Bit is reversible cellular injury
- Ccells are small and shrunken
- Dthere are a few etiological factors that caused cellular edema
26Abnormal intracellular accumulation of proteins can be seen in:
- Athe epithelial cells of the proximal tubules in proteinuria
- Bin the cardiomyocytes in heart infarction
- Cin the plasma cells in chronic inflammatory diseases as Russel's bodies
- Din the cells of pancreatic islets in diabetes mellitus
27The abnormal inclusions in the hepatocytes in alpha-I antitrypsin deficiency are composed of:
- Aglycogen
- Blipids
- Cbile
- Dproteins
28"Hyaline droplets" in the epithelial cells of renal tubules is another name for:
- Aglycogen inclusions
- Bprotein inclusions
- Cvacuolar degeneration
- Dlipid inclusions
29Vacuolar degeneration and hydropic degeneration are more severe stages of:
- Afatty degeneration
- Bprotein degeneration
- Ccellular edema
- Dglycogen accumulation
30PAS reaction with PAS control is used to distinguish:
- ACholesterol from other lipids
- BGlycogen from mucus
- CDNA from RNA
- DDenaturated intracellular proteins from accumulated extracellular proteins
31PAS —control is done using:
- Asulfuric acid
- Bhydrochloric acid
- Camylase
- Dpicric acid
32What is fatty degeneration?
- Aabnormal accumulation of lipids in parenchymal cells
- Babnormal accumulation of lipids in the specialized fatty cells
- Cabnormal accumulation of lipids in the ECM of an organ
- Dabnormal accumulation of cholesterol in the large and medium-sized vessels
33What is lipomatosis?
- Aabnormal accumulation of lipids in parenchymal cells
- Babnormal accumulation of lipids in the specialized fatty cells
- Cabnormal accumulation of lipids in the cells of the interstitium of an organ
- Dabnormal accumulation of cholesterol in the large and medium-sized vessels
34What is obesity?
- Aabnormal accumulation of lipids in parenchymal cells
- Babnormal accumulation of lipids in the specialized fatty cells
- Cabnormal accumulation of lipids in the cells of the interstitium of an organ
- Dabnormal accumulation of cholesterol in the large and medium-sized vessels
35What is the relation between fatty degeneration of the liver and diabetes?
- Athere is no relation between them
- Bpatients with diabetes have increased intake of lipids to provide more energy
- Cthe fatty liver in diabetes is caused by increased lipolysis and increased delivery of fatty acids in the liver
- Dthe fatty liver leads to diabetes mellitus
36What is android type of obesity?
- Aalso called "male"or "apple" type, it is the accumulation of lipids in the fatty cells around the shoulders, thorax and waist
- Balso called "female"or "pear"type, it is the accumulation of lipids in the fatty cells around the hips, tights and legs
- Cgeneralized obesity predominantly on the face, shoulders and thorax
- Dgeneralized obesity predominantly in the tights, hips and legs
37What is gynoid type of obesity?
- Aalso called "male"or "apple" type, it is the accumulation of lipids in the fatty cells around the shoulders, thorax and waist
- Balso called "female"or "pear"type, it is the accumulation of lipids in the fatty cells around the hips, tights and legs
- Cgeneralized obesity predominantly on the face, shoulders and thorax
- Dgeneralized obesity predominantly in the tights, hips and legs
38What is upper type of obesity?
- Aalso called "male"or "apple" type, accumulation of lipids in the fatty cells around the shoulders, thorax and waist
- Balso called "female"or "pear"type, it is the accumulation of lipids in the fatty cells around the hips, tights and legs
- Cgeneralized obesity predominantly on the face, shoulders and thorax
- Dgeneralized obesity predominantly in the tights, hips and legs
39What is lower type of obesity?
- Aalso called "male"or "apple" type, it is the accumulation of lipids in the fatty cells around the shoulders, thorax and waist
- Balso called "female"or "pear"type — accumulation of lipids in the fatty cells around the hips, tights and legs
- Cgeneralized obesity predominantly on the face, shoulders and thorax
- Dgeneralized obesity predominantly in the tights, hips and legs
40Which type of obesity has worse prognosis?
- Agynoid type
- Bmale type
- Cthe obesity doesn't affect the patient's health
- Dall of the obesity types have the same prognosis
41In "tiger heart" the abnormal accumulation of lipids is:
- Ain the cell of the heart's interstitium
- Bin the cells around the pericardium
- Cin the cardiomyocytes of the papillary muscles along the venules and the venous part of the capillaries
- Din the cardiomyocytes of the anterior wall of the left heart chamber
42Which exogenous pigment could be accumulated in the eyes?
- Acopper
- Blead
- Ccoal dust
- Dnone of the above
43Which exogenous pigment could be deposited in the oral cavity?
- Acoal dust
- Bcopper
- Clead
- Dnone of the above
44Which exogenous pigment(s) could be deposited in the skin?
- Acarotene
- Bsilver
- Ctattoo ink
- Dall of the above
45Which exogenous pigments could be deposited in the liver?
- Acopper
- Bsilver
- Ctattoo ink
- Dcoal dust
46Which exogenous pigment could be deposited in the kidney?
- Acoal dust
- Bcopper
- Csilver
- Dall of the above
47Which exogenous pigment could be deposited in the lungs and lymph nodes?
- Acoal dust
- Bcarotene
- Ctattoo ink
- Dnone of the above
48Which exogenous pigment could be deposited in the brain?
- Acoal dust
- Bcarotene
- Ccopper
- Dtattoo ink
49Examples for non-organic pigments are:
- Acoal dust
- Blead
- Ccarotene
- Dsilver
50Indicate the types of jaundice.
- Ahaemolytic/pre-hepatic
- Bobstructive/ post-hepatic
- Chepatocellular/parenchymal
- Dall of the above
51Haemolytic jaundice is characterized by the following laboratory findings:
- Aincreased indirect bilirubin in the serum, hypercholic stools and increased urobilinogen in the urine
- Bboth types of bilirubin are increased in the serum, normal colour of the stools, both bilirubin and urobilinogen are increased in the urine
- Cincreased direct bilirubin in the serum, hypoholic or acholic stool, increased bilirubin in the urine
- Dnone of the above
52Mechanical jaundice is characterized by the following laboratory findings:
- Aincreased indirect bilirubin in the serum, hypercholic stools and increased urobilinogen in the urine
- Bboth types of bilirubin are increased in the serum, normal colour of the stools, both bilirubin and urobilinogen are increased in the urine
- Cincreased direct bilirubin in the serum, hypocholic or acholic stools, increased bilirubin in the urine
- Dnone of the above
53Parenchymal jaundice is characterized by the following laboratory findings:
- Ainceased indirect bilirubin in the serum, hypercholic stools and increased urobilinogen in the urine
- Bboth types of bilirubin are increased in the serum, normal colour of the stools, both bilirubin and urobilinogen are increased in the urine
- Cincreased direct bilirubin in the serum, hypocholic or acholic stools, increased bilirubin in the urine
- Dnone of the above
54Which of the following stains are used to prove hemosiderin?
- ASudan Ill in orange colour
- BCongo-Rod in brick-red colour
- CPerls in blue-green colour
- DVan Gieson in red colour
55What is the etiology of brown induration of the lungs?
- Achronic left sided heart failure'
- Bchronic right sided heart failure
- Cmitral valve stenosis
- Dacute left sided heart failure
56What is the common between fibrosis, sclerosis and cirrhosis?
- Athe common is the increased development of connective tissue in the organ
- Bthe common is the lipid accumulation in the intetitium of the organ
- Cthe common is the fibrinoid degeneration of the organ
- Dthey are different processes and don't have anything common between them
57Which of the following extracellular changes shows basophilia on H-E stain?
- Afibrinoid degeneration
- Bhyalinosis
- Cmucoid degeneration
- Damyloidosis
58Which of the following changes are characterized by eosinophilia on H-E stain?
- Amucoid degeneration
- Bvacuolar degeneration
- Cfibrinoid necrosis
- Dfibrinoid degeneration
59Metachromasia can be seen in which of the following changes on ToluidinBlue stain?
- Afibrinoid degeneration
- Bmucoid degeneration
- Cfibrinoid necrosis
- Dhyalinosis
60Special stains for fibrin are also used in:
- Afibrinoid degeneration
- Bfibrinoid necrosis
- Cmucoid degeneration
- Damyoidosis
61Infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells is typical for:
- Amucoid edema
- Bfibrinoid necrosis
- Cfibrinoid degeneration
- Dnone of the above
62What is the clinical significance of hyalinosis of the heart arterioles?
- Ait causes myocarditis
- Bit causes rheumatic heart disease
- Cit causes ishaemic heart disease
- Dit cause subacute endocarditis
63What is the clinical significance of hyalinosis of the pancreatic arteroles?
- Ait can cause diabetes mellitus
- Bit can cause pancreatic cancer
- Cit can cause acute pancreatitis
- Dhyalinosis in the pancreas is a physiological process related with ageing
64What is the common between "glazed spleen" and corpus albicans ovarii?
- Athe process in both is hyalinosis
- Bthe process in both is fibrosis
- Cthe process in both is fibrinoid degeneration
- Dthe process in both is amyloidosis
65Which stain is used to prove rheumatism in acute stage in a heart valve?
- APrussian Blue
- BToluidin-Blue
- CCongo-Red
- DPerls
66Mucoid swelling can be seen in:
- AHeart valves in rheumatism
- BBasedow's dermopathy
- CMyxedema
- Dall of the listed above
67Which are the types of fibrinoid?
- Afibrinoid related to immune complexes in autoimmune diseases
- Bphysiological fibrinoid degeneration with aging
- Cfibrinoid caused by the influence of biological, chemical and physical factors
- Dfibrinoid caused by fast plasmorrhagia in the vessel walls in malignant hypertention
68The necrosis which develops at the base of an acute or chronic active ulcer in the stomach or duodenum is:
- Acoagulative
- Bcaseous
- Cfibrinoid
- Dliquefactive
69Which degeneration in the extracellular matrix is seen during the acute stages of autoimmune diseases?
- Ahyaline
- Bfibrinoid
- Camyloid
- Dnone of the above
70Indicate the correct statement(s) for nephrosclerosis arteriolosclerotica:
- Ait affects microscopically the afferent and efferent arterioles
- Bit is a result of prolonged benign hypertention
- Cit is a reversible process
- Dthe process is hyalinosis
71What are the microscopic changes seen in the brain in benign long-term hypertention?
- Ahyalinosis of the vessels' walls
- Bedema around vessels
- Caccumulation of lymphocytes and plasma cells in the soft brain membranes
- Ddevelopments of specific granulomas in the brain tissue
72The gross description: thick, hard, glassy whitish depositions, non-digestable by enzymes, is indicative for
- Asteatonecrosis
- Bliquefactive necrosis
- Chyalinosis
- Dfibrinoid deposition
73Mark the correct statements for Corpus albicans ovarii (white bodies of the ovaries).
- Athey are example of physiological hyalinosis
- Bthey are example for pathological hyalinosis after inflammatory processes in the ovaries
- Cthey are example for physiological accumulation of fibrinoid
- Dthey develop after the regression of corpus luteum
74The following diseases are examples of amyloid depositions. Find the mistake!
- Arheumatoid arthritis — AA amyloid
- Bmultiple myeloma — AL amyloid
- Cmedullary carcinoma of the thyroid gland — AA amyloid
- DAlzheimer's disease — A4 amyloid
75'Sago spleen and lardaceous spleen' are:
- Agross appearance of the localized (sago-spleen)and generalized (lardaceous spleen) amyloidosis of the spleen
- Bsago spleen is amyloidosis of the spleen, while lardaceous spleen is hyalinosis of the spleen
- Cgross appearance of the spleen in Hodgkin's lymphoma depending on the severity of the process
- Din lardaceous spleen the amyloid is deposited in the white pulp only, while in sago spleen both white and red pulp have amyloid deposition
76Systemic amyloidosis is proven by a biopsy from?
- Agingiva
- Bheart
- Cfat tissue from abdominal wall
- Dileum
77What type of calcification develops in the complicated atherosclerotic plaques?
- Ametastatic
- Bdystrophic
- Cmetabolic
- Dphysiological
78Which are the causes for hypocalcaemia?
- Ahypoparathyroidism
- Bhyperparathyroidism
- Cintoxication with vit. D
- Dsenile osteoporosis
79What kind of gout can develop in a patient with leucemia?
- Agout caused by excessive consumption of meat and meat products
- Bgenetic gout caused by error in the metabolism of uric acid
- Crenal injury because kidneys cannot excrete the excessive amount of uric acid
- Dpatients with leucosis never develop gout
80Which of the following microscopic descriptions most likely suggest kidney amyloidosis? The stain is H-E in all the described specimens.
- Ahighly enlarged glomeruli, the capillary tufts filled almost all of the capsular space, capillary lumens are obliterated; pink homogeous substance is deposited also in the mesangium, in the basement membranes of the tubules and in the walls of the blood vessels
- Bafferent and efferent arterioles have homogenously thick walls stained in pink, some of the glomeruli look smaller, with totally effaced structure and homogenously pink in color, while others may look normal in size, or even with compensatory hypertrophy.
- Cthe interstitium shows chronic inflammatory reaction, the main change is seen in the kidney tubules which look dilated and filled with pinkish substance (these tubules look like thyroid follicles)
- Dmany glomeruli show crescent proliferations, encompassing 2/3 f the Bowman's space; the process ends with global sclerosis of the gomerulus
81Which of the following stain(s) is used to prove amyloidosis?
- APerls
- BCongo-Red
- CVan Gieson
- DMethyl violet
82Mark the correct statement(s) for kidney alymoidosis
- Asmall, shrunken kidneys with granular surface and difficult decapsulation
- Benlarged pale kidneys with waxy texture
- Camyloidosis affects only one of the kidneys and doesn't lead to chronic renal failure
- Dkidney amyloidosis is reversible after the treatment of the primary disease and has very good prognosis
83Mark the terms which indicate amyloidosis of the spleen.
- Alardaceous spleen
- Bglazed spleen
- Csago spleen
- Dporphiric spleen
84Granulomatous structures, consisting of uric acid crystals, lymphocytes, macrophages, fibroblasts and giant multinucleated cells type "foreign body" are characteristic for which disease?
- Atuberculosis
- Bsarcoidosis
- Cgout
- Dbrucellosis
85Calcification of the aorta characterizes with:
- Ahard, rigid wall of the aorta
- Bsoft, elastic wall of the aorta
- Ccan be complicated with mural thrombosis and aneurysm
- Dis a result of metabolic calcification
86Amyloidosis of the liver:
- Adevelops because of liver dysfunction and liver failure due to chronic liver disease
- Bis characterized grossly with small, brown liver with decreased elasticity
- Ccan develop in chronic inflammatory diseases or in autoimmune diseases
- Dis characterized grossly with enlarged, pale liver with waxy texture
87Renal complications of gout include:
- Auric crystals nephrolithiasis
- Buric-acid infarction
- Curate nephropathy
- Dall of the listed above
88Indicate the correct statement(s) for necrosis.
- AIt is a programmed cell death
- BIt is provoked cell death
- CIt affects single cells and the extracellular matrix is not involved in the process
- Dthere is a demarcation inflammation at the periphery of the affected area
89Indicate the correct statement(s) for apoptosis.
- Ait affects single cells and the extracellular matrix is not involved
- Bthere is demarcation inflammation at the periphery of the affected area
- Cit ends with phagocytosis of the cellular fragments
- Dit is always accompanied by inflammation at the periphery of the area
90What is the difference between fibrinoid degeneration and fibrinoid necrosis?
- Afibrinoid degeneration is accumulation of fibrinoid in the extracellular space while fibrinoid necrosis includes not only fibrinoid degeneration but also death of cells and extracellular components in the area of fibrinoid degeneration
- Bthese isn't any difference, the two terms are synonyms
- Cfibrinoid degeneration is a physiological process while fibrinoid necrosis is a pathological process
- Dfibrinoid degeneration is accumulation of fibrin in the extracellular matrix while fibrinoid necrosis is necrosis of the fibrin in the extracellular matrix
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