Trematodes

1. 1What is correct of Schistosoma spp. of Trematodes (the blood flukes)?

   1. AIntermediate hosts are commonly molluscs
   2. BNot found in Australia
   3. CFound worldwide, including in Australia
   4. DPredilection is dependent on species
   5. EIntermediate hosts are commonly mulluscs
   6. FInfectt humans as definitive hosts but can infect other species
   7. GEggs are passed in faeces or urine
   8. HThey are dioecious with the female siting inside a gynecophoric groove of the males body
   9. IAffect 200-300 million people
2. 2How does the definitive host of the Schistosoma spp. of Trematodes become infected?

   1. AThe cercariae penetrates the skin of the DH
   2. BThe mirocidium penetrates the skin of the DH
   3. CThe DH becomes infected by consuming meat infected with the mirocidium stage
   4. DThe DH becomes infected by consuming fish infected with the sporocyst stage
3. 3What is or may be involved in the acute parthenogenesis of the Schistosoma sp.. of Trematodes?

   1. ASelf-limiting cercarial dermatitis
   2. BDelayed hypersensitivity reaction
   3. CHypereosinophilia
   4. DArthralgia
   5. EAntibody mediated glomerulonephritis
   6. FNeoplasia
4. 4What chronic disease symptoms/disorders may occur with Schistomoniasis?

   

   1. APortal and pulmonary hypertension
   2. BAnaemia
   3. CNeoplasia
   4. DAntibody mediated glomerulonephritis due to parasite antigens in circulation
   5. EGranulomas due to eggs lodging in tissues and organs
   6. FAscites
   7. GHepatomegaly
5. 5How would you treat Schistomoniasis?

   1. APraziquantel
   2. BNo treatment available
   3. CMLs
   4. DPyrantel
6. 6How might you help prevent you control Schistomoniasis in at risk communities?

   1. AIndoor defecation (not over a water source)
   2. BDo not graze pasture that is in snail infested areas (eg. rice fields)
   3. CImprove cleanliness of water and household sanitation
   4. DAvoid risk factors, including swimming in infested waters and rice farming
7. 7Which of the below are the main species of Schistosomes that infect humans?

   1. AS. bovis
   2. BS. japonicum
   3. CS. mansoni
   4. DS. haematobium
   5. ES. nasale
8. 8Which species of Schistosome causes "snoring disease" in cattle?

   1. AS. nasale
   2. BS. japonicum
   3. CS. incognitum
   4. DS. marginale
9. 9Which are general features of Trematodes?

   1. ANon-segmented
   2. BMostly hermaphrodites (monoecious); some dioecious
   3. CDigestive tract; usually no anus
   4. DSpines (tegument)
   5. ESuckers (oral, ventral or posterior)
   6. FDigestive tract + Osmoregulatory system + Nervous system and
      Reproductive system
   7. GGeneral lifecycle
   8. HGeneral lifecycle
   9. IAlae or wings are common
   10. JBuccal capsule
10. 10Below are eggs from different species of Trematodes. Label the features correctly.
    
    Note-- The bottom two photos are of the same feature

    

    1. ASpine
    2. BTooth
    3. C‘cap’ or operculum
    4. DShoulders
    5. EElbows
    6. FHead
    7. GBuccal capsule

11. 11Trematode eggs may be aquatic or terrestrial

    1. ATrue
    2. BFalse
12. 12Which are possible life stages of Trematodes?

    1. AMiracidia
    2. BCercariae
    3. CSporocyst
    4. DAdult
    5. EMetacercariae
    6. FRedia
    7. GSchistosomulae
    8. HLymneae
    9. IProcercariae
13. 13What is the PPP of Fasciola hepatica?

    1. A6 months
    2. B3 months
    3. C2 months
    4. D7 months
14. 14What is the intermediate host of Fasciola hepatica?

    1. AFish
    2. BMolluscs
    3. CMosquito
    4. DRodents
15. 15Which form of Fascioliasis occurs more often in sheep?

    1. AAcute
    2. BChronic
16. 16Which form of Fascioliasis occurs more often in cattle?

    1. AAcute
    2. BChronic
17. 17Why does acute fascioliasis occur?

    1. AHigh intake of metacercariae over a short period of time
    2. BHigh intake of miracidium over a short period of time
    3. CHigh intake of cercariae over a short period of time
    4. DHigh intake of sporocysts over a short period of time
18. 18Where is the predilection site of the adult liver fluke?

    1. ABile duct
    2. BLiver parenchyma
    3. CKidney
19. 19When F. hepatica eggs are shed by the definitive host are they?

    1. AUnembryonated
    2. BEmbryonated
20. 20What are methods to control F. hepatica infection and reduce damage associated with the disease?

    1. APrevention of livestock entering high snail infested areas
    2. BDraining of wet paddocks
    3. CStrategic flukicide treatment (eg. Late winter, mid-summer ± April/May)
    4. DVaccinating against clostridia infections (5 in 1)
    5. ETreatment with Traclabendazole or Closantel + Oxfendazole
    6. FTreatment with Praziquantel
    7. GDefecation does not occur into water sources
21. 21How might you diagnose F. hepatica infection?

    1. AFEC
    2. Bserology
    3. Cpost-mortem
    4. DCBC/biochem
    5. Ehistory + clinical signs
    6. FSticky tape method
22. 22Under what conditions do the eggs of F. hepatica hatch?

    1. ARainfall (>50 mm)
    2. BTemp >10ºC
    3. CTemp >30ºC
    4. DTemp <10ºC
    5. ETemp >20ºC
    6. FRainfall (<50 mm)
23. 23Why would you treat with a flukicide in August/September – late winter?
    
    

    1. AReduce pasture contamination with eggs as snails emerge in late winter/spring
    2. BTo kill immature flukes acquired over early summer
    3. CTo kill flukes if Jan/Feb dose was not effective against immature flukes
24. 24Why would you treat with a flukicide in Jan/Feb – mid summer?
    

    1. AReduce pasture contamination with eggs as snails emerge in late winter/spring
    2. BTo kill immature flukes acquired over early summer
    3. CTo kill flukes if Jan/Feb dose was not effective against immature flukes
25. 25Why might you treat with a flukicide in April/ May?

    1. AReduce pasture contamination with eggs as snails emerge in late winter/spring
    2. BTo kill immature flukes acquired over early summer
    3. CTo kill flukes if Jan/Feb dose was not effective against immature flukes
26. 26Is Fasciolopsis buski- Giant intestinal fluke which infects pigs zoonotic?

    1. AYes, humans can become infected by consuming water plants infected with metacercariae
    2. BNo, it only infects pigs
    3. CYes, humans can become infected by consuming fish
    4. DYes, humans can become infected by eating pork
27. 27What is the PPP of the Paramphistomes found in ruminants?

    1. A2-3 months
    2. B6 months
    3. C6-7 months
    4. D3 weeks
28. 28Which are species of Paramphistomes found in ruminants?

    1. ACalicophoron calicophorum
    2. BOrthocoelium streptocoelium
    3. CParamphistomum ischikawei
    4. DDicrocoelium dentriticum
29. 29Which are features of Paramphistomes?

    1. AFleshy, pear-shaped body, 5–12 mm long by 2–4 mm in diameter
    2. BLarge VS, ovaries behind testes
    3. CNo spines
    4. DJuvenile fluke are small (1–2 mm long)
    5. EMajor parasite in sheep and cattle
    6. FPredilection site of adult flukes is the rumen
    7. GPredilection site is the liver
    8. HPenetrates DH using spines
    9. IIngested by DH
30. 30What is the DH of the Paramphistomes?

    1. AMolluscs
    2. BFish
    3. CRodents
    4. DArthropods
31. 31Is it the adult flukes or the immature flukes that cause pathogenesis?

    1. AAdult
    2. BImmature
32. 32What is the pathogenesis of Paramphistomes

    1. AEnteritis
    2. BIll-thrift
    3. CDiarrhoea
    4. DAnaemia
    5. EHepatomegaly
33. 33How would you diagnose Paramphistome infection?

    1. AFEC using sedimentation method
    2. Bpost-mortem
    3. Chistory + clinical signs
    4. DFEC using floatation method
34. 34How might you treat and control infection with Paramphistomes?

    1. APreventing animals from entering high snail concentration areas (eg. fencing off, draining wet paddocks, building dams)
    2. BStrategic flukicide treatments of Closantel + Oxyclozanide --> Summer + early winter
    3. CNot allowing animals to consume meat
    4. DTreatment with Praziquantel
35. 35What is Dicrocoelium dentriticum also known as?

    1. AThe ‘lancet fluke'
    2. BThe 'hairy fluke'
    3. CThe liver fluke'
    4. DThe 'blood fluke'
    5. EThe 'tummy fluke'
36. 36What is true of Dicrocoelium dentriticum?

    1. ASmall, elongate (~0.5 cm)
    2. BNot in Australia
    3. CUnbranched caeca
    4. DNo spines
    5. ETwo intermediate hosts
    6. FPredilection site is the bile ducts
    7. GPredilection site is the lungs
37. 37Which are the two intermediate hosts of Dicrocoelium dendriticum?

    1. ASnails
    2. BAnts
    3. CFish
    4. DRodents
    5. EPigs
38. 38What is the pathogenesis and effects of Dicrocoelium dendriticum?

    1. ACalcification of bile ducts
    2. BLiver condemnation
    3. CCirrhosis of bile ducts
    4. DBronchopneumonia
    5. ECough
39. 39Why is Dicrocoelium dendriticum not as pathogenic as Fasciola hepatica?

    1. AAs Dicrocoelium dendriticum migrates up the bile duct instead of the liver parenchyma
    2. BAs Dicrocoelium dendriticum infects less species than F. hepatica
    3. CDicrocoelium dendriticum is only found in Germany
40. 40What is the PPP of Dicrocoelium dendriticum?

    1. A3 months
    2. B2 months
    3. C6 months
    4. D8 months
41. 41How might infection with Dicrocoelium dendriticum be diagnosed?

    1. AFEC (as passed in faeces)
    2. Bpost-mortem
    3. Chistory + clinical signs
    4. DUrinalysis and egg count
42. 42How might infection with Dicrocoelium dendriticum be treated?

    1. ABenzimidazoles at high dose
    2. BPraziquantel
    3. CPyrantel
    4. DNo treatment
43. 43The intermediate hosts of Opisthorichis and Clonorchis are?

    1. ASnails/molluscs
    2. BFish
    3. CRodents
    4. DArthropods
44. 44How might the DH of Opisthorichis and Clonorchis become infected?

    1. AIngestion of undercooked infected fish
    2. BIngestion of infected snails
    3. CSwimming and the parasite penetrates the skin
    4. DConsuming under cooked pork
45. 45What are risk factors associated with infection with Opisthorichis and Clonorchis as well as Paragonimus spp.?

    1. ATraditional dietary practices of eating raw, fermented or pickled fish/crustaceans
    2. BUncontrolled reservoir host population
    3. CUse of animal or human effluent as fish food
    4. DPoor sanitation
46. 46How might you treat infection with Opisthorichis and Clonorchis as well as Paragonimus spp.?

    1. APraziquantel
    2. BNo treatment
    3. CPyrantel
    4. DDexamethosone
47. 47What is the predilection site of Paragonimus spp.?

    1. AThe lung parenchyma
    2. BThe liver parenchyma
    3. CThe bile ducts
    4. DThe small intestine
48. 48Label the species correctly

    

    1. AFasciola hepatica
    2. BFasciola gigantica
    3. CClonorchis
    4. DParagonimus spp.
    5. EParamphistomes spp.
    6. FDicrocoelium dendriticum

Description

DVM2 Parasitology B Quiz on Trematodes, created by Kathryn Borg on 04/11/2016.

Author

Kathryn Borg

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