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Language
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Questions in this quiz (19)
1hierarchical organization of speech:
sentence -> phrase -> word -> [blank_start]morpheme[blank_end] -> [blank_start]phoneme[blank_end]- Amorpheme
- Bphoneme
2- phoneme: smallest unit of speech [blank_start]generated[blank_end] and [blank_start]perceived[blank_end] (10-[blank_start]150[blank_end] per language)
-morpheme: smallest unit that generates [blank_start]meaning[blank_end], combinations of phonemes ([blank_start]1000[blank_end]'s per language)
-words: smallest [blank_start]stand-alone[blank_end] units of meaning, language specific rules for combining -> [blank_start]syntax[blank_end]- Agenerated
- Bperceived
- C150
- Dmeaning
- E1000
- Fstand-alone
- Gsyntax
3phrase: organized grouping of [blank_start]one[blank_end] or more words
sentence: a set of words/phrases that tells a [blank_start]complete[blank_end] thought- Aone
- Bcomplete
4grammar: rules for language [blank_start]structure[blank_end]
morphology - rules for combing [blank_start]morphemes[blank_end] into words
[blank_start]syntax[blank_end] - rules for combining words into phrases into sentences
semantics - how [blank_start]meaning[blank_end] is [blank_start]derived[blank_end] from morphemes, words, phrases, and sentences- Astructure
- Bmorphemes
- Csyntax
- Dderived
- Emeaning
5[blank_start]generative[blank_end] grammar: rules specify what orders and combinations these roles can occur in
[blank_start]surface[blank_end] structure: phrase structure that applies to order in which words are actually spoken
[blank_start]deep[blank_end] structure: fundamental, underlying phrase structure that conveys meaning- Agenerative
- Bsurface
- Cdeep
6[blank_start]lexical[blank_end] ambiguity - when a word has two different meanings
[blank_start]syntactic[blank_end] ambiguity - when same words can be grouped together into more than one phrase structure- Alexical
- Bsyntactic
7[blank_start]referential[blank_end] ambiguity: when same word/phrase can refer to two different things within a sentence
- Areferential
8-relative fluency of language learning declines after age [blank_start]7[blank_end]
- in infants language specific speech [blank_start]perception[blank_end] precedes [blank_start]production[blank_end]- A7
- Bperception
- Cproduction
9smallest units of speech:
-actual sounds: [blank_start]phones[blank_end]
-perceived sounds: [blank_start]phonemes[blank_end]
-[blank_start]categorical[blank_end] speech perception: multiple phones are heard as same phoneme (evident by [blank_start]6[blank_end] months)- Aphones
- Bphonemes
- C6
- Dcategorical
10[blank_start]universal[blank_end] grammar: we have a hard wired "language [blank_start]acquisition[blank_end] device"
statistical pattern [blank_start]recognition[blank_end]: children learn grammar solely from [blank_start]examples[blank_end], general machinery in brain is sufficient to learn rules of language- Auniversal
- Bacquisition
- Crecognition
- Dexamples
11speech production:
-fundamentally a [blank_start]motor[blank_end] act dependent on [blank_start]hierarchical[blank_end] planning
-depends on [blank_start]pre-frontal[blank_end] areas
-[blank_start]Broca's[blank_end] area- Amotor
- Bhierarchical
- Cpre-frontal
- DBroca's
12Broca's [blank_start]aphasia[blank_end]:
-speech is laboured, slow, and nonfluent with awkward articulation
-problems with language [blank_start]planning[blank_end] and [blank_start]production[blank_end] (not a motor problem)
-greatest difficulty with [blank_start]verbs[blank_end], articles, pronouns
-Problems with understanding and using [blank_start]syntax[blank_end]- Aaphasia
- Bplanning
- Cproduction
- Dverbs
- Esyntax
13comprehension of language:
-fundamentally a [blank_start]perceptual[blank_end] process
-depends on ventral [blank_start]what[blank_end] stream
-[blank_start]Wernicke's[blank_end] area -> left hemisphere- Aperceptual
- Bwhat
- CWernicke's
14Wernicke's aphasia:
- speech is phonetically and grammatically normal but [blank_start]meaningless[blank_end]
-problems with language [blank_start]comprehension[blank_end]
-problems with understanding and using [blank_start]semantics[blank_end]- Ameaningless
- Bcomprehension
- Csemantics
15language lateralization:
right-handed: [blank_start]95[blank_end]% left-hem dom
left-handed: [blank_start]70[blank_end]% left hem dom, [blank_start]15[blank_end]% right hem, [blank_start]5[blank_end]% bilateral- A95
- B70
- C15
- D5
16right hem and language:
[blank_start]prosody[blank_end]: intonation, tone, stress and rhythm, used for emotional state
[blank_start]aprosodia[blank_end]: difficulty processing prosody
[blank_start]productive[blank_end] aprosodia: montonic, robotic, assoc with damage to right hem equiv of Brocca's area
[blank_start]receptive[blank_end] aprosodia: difficulty detecting and understanding emotional tone in speech, assoc with damage to right hem Wernicke's equiv- Aprosody
- Baprosodia
- Cproductive
- Dreceptive
17localization and distribution of processing:
-Broca's area ([blank_start]syntax[blank_end] & planning for production)
-Wernicke's area ([blank_start]word distribution[blank_end] & semantics)
-Sensory cortices ([blank_start]auditory[blank_end] cortices for speech)
-Motor cortices ([blank_start]motor[blank_end] cortices for speech)
-Association cortices ([blank_start]semantics[blank_end])- Asyntax
- Bword distribution
- Cauditory
- Dmotor
- Esemantics
18FMRI: [blank_start]functional magnetic resonance imaging[blank_end]
-measures changes in [blank_start]magnetization[blank_end], using electromagnetic radiation and nuclear magnetic resonance
- good at [blank_start]spatial[blank_end] resolution, ok at temporal resolution- Afunctional magnetic resonance imaging
- Bmagnetization
- Cspatial
19meaning in brain:
-related word meanings have related [blank_start]representation[blank_end] in the brain, the association between concepts can be used to predict brain [blank_start]activation[blank_end] for those concepts- Arepresentation
- Bactivation
Information
- Description
- Psychology Quiz on Language, created by Ali Massie on 12/12/2016.
- Author
- Ali Massie
- Language
- English
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