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Tudor A2 flashcards

davidmorley5125 History A-Level English 136 cards

Cards in this deck (136)

  1. 1What meeting of Parliament 1529-1536 Reformed the church?Reformation Parliament
  2. 2What is Royal Supremacy?King above Parliament and Church (1534)
  3. 3Who took the lead on theological debates?Thomas Cranmer
  4. 4What provinces were the English church divided into? (2 provinces)1. Canterbury
    2. York
  5. 5Where were the six new bishoprics made when the church was reformed?1.Gloucester
    2.Peterborough
    3.Oxford
    4.Chester
    5.Bristol and 6. Westminster
  6. 6When and What was the Valor Ecclesiasticus?When: 1535
    What: visitations of churches for a survey of their wealth and possessions.
    -how they operated
  7. 7What job title allowed Cromwell to reform the Church of England?Vice Gerent of Spirituals
  8. 8When was the act for the dissolution of the lesser monasteries? What was the churches wealth used for?When: 1536
    What: used to increase Crowns wealth
    helped finance Henry's wars
  9. 9When were the Ten Articles of faith introduced? What did they do?When: 1536
    What: Incorporated distinct protestant articles and ideas EG. Seven sacraments down to three
  10. 10What did the injunctions in 1536, Bishops book of 1537 and further injunctions in 1538 do?Attacked superstitious practices and encourages the dismantlement of statues and shrines ( remove catholic influence)
  11. 11When was the dissolution of greater monasteries?1539
  12. 12What was the act of six articles? When was it introduced?What: restored catholic doctrines i.e. transubstantiation
    When: 1539
  13. 13Example of how Henry cared about religious reforms by Cromwell?Trial of John Lambert
    He denied the real presence of mass and Henry believed he needed to slow Cromwell's protestant reforms.
  14. 14What book replaced the Bishops book? What did it do?Kings book.
    Slowed reform and gave the church a clear direction.
  15. 15How many churches closed under Edward VI?2374
  16. 16How many statutes were created between King John and Henry VII? How many by Henry VIII?1. 1092
    2. Henry VIII: 1032
    shows parliament becoming a legislative body.
  17. 17How did protector Somerset pass laws? Did he use Parliament?Passed laws through proclamations.
    Used proclamations to bypass parliament.
  18. 18Did Northumberland use Parliament?Yes.
    He had a more consensual approach.
  19. 19When was the act for First Fruits and Tenths? What did this and the administrative court set up do?When: 1534
    They did: 1. Collect revenue
    2. adopted modern methods of
    accounting
    3. transfer revenue from Pope to King
  20. 20When was the court of Augmentations set up? What did it handle?Set up: 1536
    Handled monasterial lands and was set up by Cromwell.
  21. 21When was the court of Wards set up? What did it handle?When: 1540
    Handled: income from wardships and grounds in kings temporary possession.
  22. 22What courts were reorganised in 1541 and 1542?1541: Court of First Fruits and Tenths
    1542: Court of general surveyors
  23. 23What two events in Henry's foreign policy squandered money raised by Cromwell?1. Scotland- Battle of Pinkie 1542
    2. 3rd French War 1543-46
  24. 24What was the process of removing Gold or Silver and replacing it with a base metal? What did it cause?Debasement
    caused inflation to the currency as the value of coinage was decreased.
  25. 25Somerset's policy of keeping troops on the Scottish Border? What was the Downside?Garrisoning
    Problem: Very expensive £351,524
  26. 26What did Northumberland do to try and stabilise the economy after Somerset?1. End Debasement
    2.Reform revenue courts
    3. Appointed royal commission to investigate work of revenue courts
    4. reduce debts
    5.Reduce expenditure
  27. 27When did the courts of Augmentations and General surveyors merge? What happened the other revenue courts?When: 1547
    What happened: All merged into the Exchequer.
  28. 28How many people were on the royal council? What was the role of the Council?70 People
    Role was to advise on the divorce issue.
  29. 29What position did Cromwell gain in the council in 1536? how did he manage it?- Principal Secretary.
    - 1. drew up an agenda.
    - 2. kept his own records.
    - 3. Oversaw attendance.
  30. 30How many members were on Cromwell's executive Privy council? What did it feature?There we 19 members.
    featured: 1. regular meetings 2. its own clerical staff
    3. defined agenda 4.Capable of operating without direct royal intervention
  31. 31Who did Somerset use to gain control? Who did Northumberland use, what title did he give himself?Somerset used the Privy Chamber
    Northumberland used the Privy council and named himself the:
    Lord President of the Council
  32. 32How many members did the Privy Council increase to?33 by 1550.
  33. 33Who was made president of the Council in Wales?Rowland Lee
  34. 34What did the Act of Union do?1. publishing royal proclamations
    2. translation of orders where necessary
    3. perogative court of justice
  35. 35Who was the leading Magnate family in the South West? When was the Council of the West set up?Leading family: Courtenay's
    Set up: 1539
  36. 36Who was the President of the Council of the West?Lord John Russell.
  37. 37How did Cromwell manage faction?1. King chief advisor.
    2. Took a lot of titles.
    3. Restricted access to the king.
  38. 38What faction did Cromwell belong to? Who led it?Reformist Faction
    1. Thomas Cromwell
    2. Thomas Cranmer
  39. 39Who led the conservative faction in the time of Cromwell?1. Bishop Gardiner
    2. Duke of Norfolk
  40. 40Events that contributed to Cromwell's fall?1. Trial of John Lambert
    2. Act of Sic articles
    3. Act of Precedence
    4. Anne of Cleves marriage
    5. Arrest of Barns, Jerome and Garret
  41. 41What was the Regency Council set up to do?Set up to rule on Edwards behalf until he was of age. It was meant to be a balance of conservatives and reformers.
  42. 42What did Bishop Gardiner accuse Cranmer of? What did Henry do?Cranmer was accused of heresy.
    Henry gave Cranmer his own ring as a sign of protection.
  43. 43What two areas did Sir Anthony Denny control in 1546?1. Access to Henry
    2. Dry Stamp
  44. 44What is Somerset's name, Earl and Dukedom? Who was he uncle to?Name: Edward Seymour
    Earl: Hertford
    Duke: Somerset
    Uncle to: Edward VI
  45. 45Where did Somerset gain his power?Letters Patent (March 1547)
  46. 46When did Somerset pass the new treason act?1547
  47. 47How was the new treason act met by the people and religion?People: Happy, lifted burden from Henry's reign
    Religion: Allowed people to practice faith freely.
  48. 48How many proclamations did Somerset issue?70
  49. 49When was the Chantries act passed? What is a Chantry?Passed: 1547
    Chantry: A religious house where political prisoners often escaped too.
  50. 50What did the Chantries Act do ?1. Raised Money
    2. More money for war against Scotland and France
  51. 51What depleted the Royal finances before Somerset came to power?Wars, Loans and Kings Expenditure.
  52. 52What Court did Somerset set up for the poor?'Court of requests'
  53. 53When was the vagrancy Act introduced?1547
  54. 54What did the Vagrancy act do?Provided poor relief and an local officers to collect for the poor.
    Also if unemployed for 3 days a fit person would be branded with a 'v' and sold into slavery. (never put into effect)
  55. 55What did Somerset do about enclosure?Used a proclamation to reverse enclosure to it's original state.
  56. 56What taxes did Somerset initiate as part of this?1. 5% personal property tax
    2. 5% Sheep tax
  57. 57What did Somerset do about War in Scotland?He perused the war and won it after the Battle of Pinkie.
    Then introduced Garrosining.
  58. 58Why was Mary Queen of Scots a problem for Somerset?She married the French prince, Henry II and Somerset did not have the force do deal with her.
  59. 59What rebellion broke out in 1549?1. Western rebellion
    2. Kett's rebellion
  60. 60What happened in October 1549?Somerset was sent to the tower but released and restored to court.
  61. 61What happened to Somerset in 1552 and what was he accused of?He was executed for treason
  62. 62Who brought the charges against Somerset?Northumberland
  63. 63Names and titles of Northumberland?Name: John Dudley
    Earl: Lisle
    Duke: Northumberland
  64. 64What rebellion did Northumberland deal with?Kett's rebellion
  65. 65How did Northumberland treat Edward?Positive relationship, gave him greater access to government.
  66. 66Who did Northumberland involve with the running of Government?1. William Cecil
    2. William Paget
  67. 67How did Northumberland improve the financial situation with the Treaty of Boulogne?He gave it back to France. Wanted 2,000,000 crowns but got 400,000 instead. King of France no longer to pay English Kings pension.
  68. 68How did Northumberland improve the financial situation with Garrisoning?Pulled troops from Scotland to cut expenditure and only return if provoked.
  69. 69How did Northumberland improve the financial situation with Debasement?Made one last debasement in May 1551 and then ended it.
  70. 70How did Northumberland improve the financial situation with the Privy Coffer?Emergency fund set up to deal with contingencies and attempted to restructure the system of collecting revenue.
  71. 71How did Northumberland improve the financial situation with the kings expenditure?Radical cuts: ended wars in Scotland and France. sold crown lands and stopped debasement and garrisoning.
  72. 72How did Northumberland improve the financial situation with the revenue courts?Reduced the number of courts to just 2 and tried to restructure the system of collecting revenue.
  73. 73What did Northumberland's new treason act do?Restored censorship and enlisted JP's to restore law and order in the localities.
  74. 74What did Northumberland's new Vagrancy act do?It was repealed. helped dampen discontent of landowners.
  75. 75What did Northumberland's new Enclosure policy do?Introduced the Poor law to enable aged to survive.
    removed the sheep tax.
  76. 76What did Northumberland's policy on controlling grain do?Controlled prices to stop abuses of those who were selling it for a large profit.
  77. 77How did Northumberland control faction?- Used a consensual approach through the Privy Council.
    -New Treason Act stopped rebellions and maintained law.
    - repealed harsh laws i.e.. Vagrancy Act
  78. 78At what age was t agreed Edward would reach his majority?16
  79. 79What disease did Edward die of in 1553?Tuberculosis.
  80. 80What was the name of Northumberland's son?Guildford Dudley
  81. 81Who did he marry in May 1553?Lady Jane Grey
  82. 82What did Edward draw up on his deathbed?'Letters patent for the limitation of the Crown' (summer 1553)
  83. 83What was the document to do?To stop the Catholic Queen Mary from taking the throne.
  84. 84Who did the document originally name and what then was it changed to?Originally: Lady Jane Grey's male heirs
    Then: Lady Jane Grey AND her male heirs
  85. 85When did Edward VI die?6 July 1553
  86. 86Why was Edwards death not announced for two days?AS Northumberland was arranging to get the council and Mayor of London to devise and declare Lady Jane Grey as queen.
  87. 87What did Mary do in response to Northumberland's plan?1. Proclaimed herself Queen.
    2. Began mustering troops
  88. 88When was Mary recognised as Queen?20th July 1553
  89. 89When was Northumberland arrested and executed?Arrested: 17th July 1553
    Executed: 22 August 1553
  90. 90What happened to Lady Jane Grey after Mary took the throne?Arrested and imprisoned In the tower of London.
  91. 91Northumberland's title traditionally?'Bad Duke'
  92. 92How did Mary consolidate her position after the succession event?1. 1553: Declared the Queen legitimate
    2. 1554: 'Act concerning Legal Power'
  93. 93Why was Somerset cautious with religious reform?He did not want a Catholic Backlash or rebellion.
  94. 94What event shows he failed in moderate reform?Royal injunctions (1547)
  95. 95What happened to the Act of six Articles under Somerset?Repealed. shows push towards Protestantism.
  96. 96What happened to the treason act under Somerset?repealed harshness of Henry's reign i.e. heresy and censorship.
  97. 97What happened to the Chantries act of 1545 under Somerset?Went further to confiscate wealth and property of Church.
    Continuation from dissolution of monasteries.
  98. 98What happened to the royal injunctions 1547?Veneration of images
    told bishops to carry out services in English instead of Latin and an English tect bible.
  99. 99What happened when the book of Homilies was introduced?Further push towards Protestantism by Gardiner, Bishop of Winchester and Bonner.
  100. 100What did the arrest of Gardiner and Bonner show?Reformation was intended and that Clergy were to conform to the new guidelines.
  101. 101When was the First Act of Uniformity passed?1549
  102. 102What did the First Act of Uniformity do?Enforced the book of Common prayer (Fist prayer book).
  103. 103What were the aims of the book?Worship: outlined
    Transubstantiation: retained but no sacrifice involved
    latin: services now in English
  104. 104How did protestants react to the Prayer book?Some believed the book did not go far enough and John Hoper suggested it had to many popish errors.
  105. 105What direction did Northumberland take Religion?Strong push towards Protestantism.
  106. 106How did Cranmer's ordinal push England towards greater Protestantism?New ordination of priests, move from catholic to protestant ministers. role of cleric now more of a preacher.
  107. 107How did the introduction of Communion Tables push England towards greater Protestantism?Move from Catholic Altars to Protestant tables. Emphasized communion as a service and not a sacrifice.
  108. 108How did the Removal of Conservative Clergy push England towards greater Protestantism?Gardiner and Bonner imprisoned due to book of homilies.
  109. 109How did the further seizure of Ecclesiastical property push England towards greater Protestantism?Removal of Conservative Clergy that presided over Anglican property so that Northumbelrand could sell the land.
  110. 110How did the Second Act of Uniformity and Second Prayer book push England towards greater Protestantism?Abandoned original structure of mass and removed Transubstantiation and now to be called Lords Supper.
    SPB removed wearing of catholic vestments.
  111. 111How did the Forty Two Articles push England towards greater Protestantism?Written by Archbishop Cranmer they reformed theology of religion in England. Protected from Catholic falsehoods and Anabaptist zeal.
  112. 112Did parliament oppose reform during Edwards reign?No as Northumberland told them what to do and Somerset did not use them.
  113. 113How did Edward contribute to religious reform?Personal beliefs: realised that if he were to die he needed a protestant after him
    Hooper and ridley as advisors were strong reformists.
  114. 114How did Edward contribute to religious reform?he introduced change to the ordination of priests and enforced the following of the First act of Uniformity.
  115. 115Under Mary what was the First Statute of Repeal (1553)?Began the task of removing Protestantism
    returned towards the Act of Six articles in 1547.
  116. 116What happened in the Second statute of repeal (1555)?Restored Papal headship and ended royal supremacy. Mass in Latin returned and MArried clergy to divorce or lose their earnings. Repealed all legislation to Henry VIII reign.
  117. 117What happened in March 1554?Bishops told to return to Henry VIII last year i.e. Act of Six Articles
  118. 118What happened to the Heresy laws in 1555?They were returned by parliament.
  119. 119how many people were burnt as heretics between 1555 and 1558?284
  120. 120Names of Key people in Mary's reign?Gardiner ( most trusted advisor)
    Pole( returning Papal Authority)
    pope Julius III and Paul VI
    Mary
    Phillip II of Spain
  121. 121Role of Mary to religion?Returned it to Catholicism and ended royal supremacy.
    removed key opposition: Ridley, Hugh, Latimer(1553) and Cranmer (1556)
  122. 122Role of Parliament in Mary's reign?Approved heresy laws 1555
    Some bishops replaced catholic bishops.
    Became more and more resistant to repeal legislation in MAry's reign
  123. 123Role of Mary's advisors?Gardiner: Advise Mary to slow reform and was unenthusiastic about Papal authority.
    Pole: tried to speed up return to Catholicism and failed at restoring royal finances
  124. 124Under Elizabeth what were the key reforms?1. The Act of Supremacy
    2. The Act of Uniformity
    3. Additons to settlement
  125. 125Outline the Act of Supremacy(1559)?Made Elizabeth supreme governor of England in the church. clergy and royal officers to make oath to her. papal supremacy revoked. heresy laws repealed. Archbishop of Canterbury remained Head Bishop
  126. 126Outline the Act of Uniformity (1559)?focused on appearance of church and worship. New prayer book based on those of 1549 and 1552. All churches obliged to new book. everyone to attend church on hold days and Sundays. first fruits and tenths to be payed to the crown.
  127. 127Additions to settlements?royal inunctions (1559): issued to enforce uniformity and supremacy.
    Thirty nine Articles (1563): Statement of doctrinal beliefs of the CofE. based on Cranmers 42 artilces.
  128. 128Key people under Elizabeth?Pope pierce IV
    Sir Nicholas Bacon
    Elizabeth
    William Cecil
    Mary Stewart
  129. 129Role on Elizabeth as a monarch? (religion)Revealed to be a pragmatic politician.
    pushed for uniformity and conformity.
    pushes reform throughout her reign, along with advisers who drove it
  130. 130Role of parliament under Elizabeth? (religion)Resistance in the house of Lords. HOL were an obstacle and took all her political skill to outmaneuver them.
  131. 131Role of advisors under Elizabeth? (religion)Sir Nicholas Bacon: consistently intervened Catholics to stop them debating services should remain in Latin. Stonewalled bishops using delay tactics.
    Sir William Cecil: Drafted the Royal Injunctions 1559
  132. 132Key Years of Rebellions studied?1536-37: Lincolnshire rising and POG-Henry VII
    1549- Western (prayer book) and Kett's rebellion- Edward VI
    1554: Wyatt's rebellion- Mary I
    1571- Northern Rebellion - Elizabeth I
  133. 133POG Causes ? (1536)Taxation- resentment of subsidy
    Economic hardship- food shortages, poor harvests
    Opposition to Cromwell
    Secular motives- resentment of taxation
    Religion- Dissolution of the Monasteries
  134. 134Causes of Western and Kett's Rebellion? (1549)Religion: battle of catholic vs protestants
    faction: hatred of individuals i.e. Somerset
    Enclosure: Was hated by Rebels
    Rents: prices increased
    Personality clashes
  135. 135Causes of Wyatt's rebellion? (1554)Marriage of Phillip II of Spain
    Catholic Mary to be replaced
    She is a woman
    most leaders are protestant
    Faction: support for Elizabeth
    fear of Spanish dominance
  136. 136Causes of Northern Rebellion? (1571)Religion: Catholicism still prominent and Mary Q of S was still a figurehead for it.
    Succession: who would follow Elizabeth?
    Faction: Catholic nobles wanted real power not just titles and her style of leadership upsets nobles i.e. Norfolk, magnate Percy's who were catholic.

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A-Level History Flashcards on Tudor A2 flashcards, created by davidmorley5125 on 01/02/2016.
Created by
davidmorley5125 · Feb 2016
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Jan 6, 2017
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