Flashcards
1. Introduction to Attachment
Cards in this deck (14)
- 1Define attachment (there are three points)-A close 2 way emotional bond
- Individual sees the other as essential to their emotional comfort
- In humans it take a few months to develop - 2What are the three characteristics of attachment?1. Proximity- fondness for closeness
2. Separation distress
3. Safe-base behaviour- safe base from which to explore - 3What does trad psychology say with regards to attachment between child and parents?The infant is passive in the attachment (initiated by the parents).
- 4What does modern psychology say with regards to attachment between child and parents?The infant is active in the attachment.
- 5Define reciprocity. Make 3 points.- Includes the turn-taking which can be observed between infant and care-giver.
- One party initiates a behaviour and this same behaviour is elicited of the other party.
-In this way the care-giver and infant take turns imitating each other. - 6Define interactional synchrony.the term used to emphasise the mirroring aspect of reciprocity. The infant and care-giver have the same behaviour and emotions.
- 7What did Meltzoff and Moore (1997) study? What did they found?Babies as young as 2 weeks who imitated the expressions of care-givers - they found the beginnings of i.s
- 8What are two advantages to observing care giver-infant interaction?- Have good validity as the babies are unaware of their observation and therefore display no demand characteristics.
- Many studies have been conducted and the same pattern of interaction is presented. - 9What are two disadvantages to observing care giver-infant interaction?- Cannot truly know what the babies perspective is and therefore are unaware of whether these interactions have any special meaning, we can only observe their behaviours.
- The phenomena of i.s is proven to be true and yet there is no purpose that tells us why this occurs. - 10What did Schaffer and Emerson find in relation to attachment figures?That the majority of babies were attached to their mothers first.
After a few weeks/months they formed secondary attachments to other family members.
75% formed attachment with father by 18 months (determined by a protest when they walked away). - 11What did Grossman find in relation to the role of the father?Found that fathers had a different role in attachment to mothers, theirs was more associated with play and stimulation rather than nurturing.
- 12What did Field find in relation to fathers as primary care givers?Found that fathers as primary care givers took on the nurturing role of the mother and took part in the behaviours of smiling, imitating and holding the infant more than that of fathers who were secondary care givers.
The research proved that these behaviours were important in building an attachment.
Key= attachment relationship is not deciphered by gender of the care giver but the responsive attitude to the infant. - 13What are two disadvantages to this research?- There are inconsistent findings on the role of the father.
- MacCallum and Golombok's research into same sex and single parent families shows that there was no impact on development of the children and defy Grossman's work (show that the role of the father as a sec. care giver is not important) - 14What is one advantage to this research? (same as care-giver research really)- Videotaping the study gave Field's study more validity as means she could pick up fine details by rewatching.
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- (Care-giver and infant attachment) (Role of the father)
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- Ellie Winterburn
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