Flashcards
Energy Balance
Cards in this deck (37)
- 1Are genetic defects the most likely cause of obesity?it is a cause but not as likely as environmental factors
- 2Why is there a need for precise appetite regulation?maintains a consistent body mass over long periods of time
- 3How is excess energy stored?majority is stored as white adipose tissue with some stored in the liver
- 4From what tissues does weight loss take place?brown adipose tissue
- 5How is BAT specialised for energy expenditure?specialised for thermogenesis to burn off excess calories
- 6What control centre in the hypothalamus controls energy intake?satiety centre
- 7Where in the hypothalamus is the satiety centre found?ventro-medial part
- 8How is the position of the satiety centre important with regards to the feeding centre?placed above the feeding centre so can override or suppress the feeding centre
- 9What stimulates the satiety centre?increasing glucose and insulin, increasing CCK, increased stomach distension and increaed body fat stores
- 10What inhibits/overrides the satiety centre?smell and sight of desirable food
- 11How does the hypothalamus use feelings to affect feeding behaviour?feelings can manipulate behaviour to continue eating or stop eating, using impulses to signal when an animals is full
- 12What effect does Ghrelin have on feeding?stimulates feeding and promotes eating as levels increase during fasting
- 13What effect does Leptin have on feeding?stimulates satiety centre and inhibits eating, measure of the level of WAT/fat reserves in the body
- 14What afferent information does the hypothalamus receive to regulate feeding?distension of viscera, adipose tissue storage levels and direct sensing by neurones of available energy
- 15What is included as a measure of available energy?fats, glucose, peptides and amino acid levels
- 16How does distension regulate energy intake?activates stretch-sensitive receptors which transmit impulses via the vagus nerve
- 17Is the gut-brain axis or visceral distension more important for feeding regulation?gut-brain axis: includes blood-borne information about ingesting high-energy foods that leads to more efficient initiation or suppression of food intake
- 18How does 'seasonal' variation in overall body mass work?hibernating animals increase weight by eating more food, decreasing level of movement and reducing their body temp by 1 degree
- 19Where is the feeding centre found in the hypothalamus?lateral nucleus
- 20How is glucostat involved in appetite regulation?glucose metabolism in the hypothalamus centre determines food intake - after eating there's an increase in glucose so there's also an increase in satiety feelings
- 21What does the feeding centre have a direct effect on?the animals behaviour - searches for and eats available food
- 22How is lipostat involved with appetite regulation?measure using leptin hormone - increase in fat deposits sends increased signals of satiety to allow long-term regulation of body weight
- 23What do adipocytes/adipokines do?produce Leptin in proportion to fat reserves
- 24How does the Leptin hormone work?binds to receptors on hypothalamic neurones to depress feeding
- 25What happens if there is no Leptin present in the body?little satiety signalling means that weight is put on very quickly
- 26What is Leptin a risk factor for?insulin-resistance and type 2 diabetes
- 27What is the Basal Metabolic Rate?measurement of output using O2 consumption under resting conditions
- 28What are the requirements of a basal state?postabsorptive state once the most recent meal has been absorbed or when an animal is resting in an environment below its TNZ at complete rest
- 29What effect does eating have on the basal metabolic rate?increases it and also increases heat production
- 30What is the effect of increasing BMR via eating called?Dietary-induced thermogenesis - largely due to heat production by brown adipose tissue, stimulated by sympathetic nervous system
- 31What is excess energy intake stored/lost as?lost as excess heat, CO2 or stored as fat
- 32What is the energy associated with the BMR used for?life processes like circulation, respiration and thermoregulation
- 33How does the BMR change with a change in BMI?as the BMI goes from normal to obese, the activity levels of the BMR decreases
- 34How can the amount of BAT be regulated?seasonally to decrease levels in the summer when there is a lower demand for heat production
- 35What is the metabolic rate?total conversion of energy that takes place in the body per unit of time
- 36What is the maintenance energy requirement?amount of energy an animal needs to get from its feed for maintenance conditions
- 37Why do young animals have a higher metabolic rate?high activity levels for play and exploration and a higher demand for tissue growth and repair
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- Animal Disease 1 Veterinary Medicine Flashcards on Energy Balance, created by Louise Mason on 06/03/2017.
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- Louise Mason
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