Intro

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Periodic Table

Groups 1 -2A and groups 13-18 are known as representative elements. The rest (Group 3-12) are called transitional elements.

Alkali metals (including Hydrogen) are the most reactive metals. They all have one valence electrons so they like to form ions with plus 1 charges.

(H+, Li+, K+)

Alkaline Earth metals are reactive but not as violently as Alkali. They have 2 valence electrons so they love to form ions with plus 2 charges. (Be^+2).

Metals like to give away electrons (ionic bonds), as they do that they will form a positively charged ion (a cation).

Transition Metals have variable charges .

Examples:

Iron (Fe) has +2/+3 in oxidation state.

Zinc (ZN) has a common of +2.

Silver (AG) is +1

Gold (AU) could be +1/+2

Mercury (HG) +1/+2

Cobalt (CO) has +2/+3

Magnesium (Mn) +2/+7

In the inner transition metal they are called Lanthanides and Actinides.

Group 3A has 3 valence electrons and most of them likes to form +3 charges.

Group 4A elements have 4 valence electrons so they like to form +4 charges.

Group 5A elements have 5 valence electrons but they like to form -3 charges.

- When Phosphorus forms -3 charges its called phosphate.

- Same goes with Nitrogen it would be called Nitrate after the formation.

In Group 6A they have 6 valence electrons so they like to form -2 charges.

- They are also known as the chalcogens.

Group 7a elements have 7 valence electrons and they like to form -1 charges.

- They are called halogens.

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Metals likes to give up electrons, while nonmetals like accepting elections.

Florine is electronegative because it really wants electrons.

- As you go up and right on the table electronegativity increases.

- Non metals are most likely electronegative

- Metals are most likely electropositive

Once electronegative elements acquire theirs electrons they form negative charges.

Electropositive elements like to give away electron they form a positive charge.

The noble gases (8A) have a complete set of valence electrons (Helium only has 2 in all so the innermost is complete).

They are stable and don't participate much in chemical reactions(non-reactive).

Elements in the same column have similar chemical properties. For example, Oxygen and Sulfur.

Metals- conducts electricity and heat. They are malleable and ductile.

Nonmetals- cannot conduct electricity

Metaloids