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Behaviourist Approach - Key Terms
Fichas del conjunto (24)
- 1Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)Something that produced a natural response
- 2Unconditioned Response (UCR)Natural response to UCS
- 3Neutral Stimulus (NS)Stimulus without a natural response
- 4Conditioned Stimulus (CS)Stimulus with a reflex response (prev. the NS) without the UCS
- 5Conditioned Response (CR)Response produced by the CS
- 6Stimulus GeneralisationOnce conditioned, similar stimuli to CS produce same CR
- 7TimingIf time interval is too large between presentation of UCS and NS, association will not be made
- 8Time ContiguityNS/UCS presented at the same/similar time
- 9ExtinctionPresentation of CS without UCS multiple times may lose CR
- 10Spontaneous RecoveryIf CS and UCS paired again after extinction, association is made more quickly
- 11ReinforcementConsequence meaning behaviour is likely to be repeated (response strengthened)
- 12Positive ReinforcementAddition of positive stimulus (reward)
- 13Primary Reinforcement (Positive)Biological (food/drink/pleasure)
'Caveman' test - 14Secondary Reinforcement (Positive)Leads to primary reinforcement (money/grades)
- 15Negative ReinforcementRemoval of negative stimulus (continuing to smoke to remove withdrawal symptoms)
- 16Positive PunishmentAddition of negative stimulus (being told off)
- 17Negative PunishmentRemoval of positive stimulus (confiscating toys/phones)
- 18Schedules of ReinforcementRules used to present reinforcers following specific behaviour - influences how response is learned/maintained
- 19Continuous ReinforcementBehaviour reinforced every time it occurs
Most effective in establishing response – lowest resistance to extinction - 20Partial ReinforcementBehaviour only sometimes reinforced
Most effective in maintaining response/avoiding extinction - 21Fixed Interval (Partial Reinforcement)Reinforcement given at fixed time intervals (every 30s)
Low extinction resistance - 22Fixed Ratio (Partial Reinforcement)Reinforcement given for fixed number of responses (every 10 responses)
Low extinction resistance - 23Variable Interval (Partial Reinforcement)Time interval varies between reinforcements (unpredictable)
High extinction resistance - 24Variable Ratio (Partial Reinforcement)Number of responses varies between reinforcements (unpredictable – most resistant to extinction)
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- A level (Approaches In Psychology) Psychology Fichas sobre Behaviourist Approach - Key Terms, creado por Aalia Rizvi el 21/03/2019.
- Creado por
- Aalia Rizvi · mar 2019
- Actualizado
- 21 mar 2019
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