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Attachment
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- 1Attachment "Emotional bond with specific person across time and space" Persons/animals/objects BOWLBYS THEORY (3 Functions) -innate set behaviour to ensure survival of offspring. maintaining proximity to ensure care (vocalising) MONOTOPY: emotional bond with one (i.e.mother) STRONG ATTACHMENT = SAFE BASE (confidence to explore) TEMPLATE = For all future relationships (INTERNAL WORKING MODEL) CRITICAL PERIOD (2-6MS) = Bond develops then or not at all.PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY: oral gratification... attachment to breast... attachment to mother
LEARNING THEORY: Stresses the importance of the feeding situation.
3 STEPS...
1. At birth infant attracted to all social objects and prefers humans to inanimate objects.
2. Neonates can discriminate between their mothers voices and those other other women.
3. Development of specific attachments begins at about 6-8 months. - 2AINSWORTH - 3 Categories 1. SECURE = child distressed caregiver gone, easily comforted by caregiver. 2. INSECURE ANXIOUS (RESISTANT) = Child uneasy around CG. Distressed when they leave. No comfort by stranger but resist comfort from CG. 3. INSECURE AVOIDANT = Separated not distressed. Comforted by stranger. Ainsworth Strange Situation study!!PDD MODEL - PROTEST/DESPAIR/DETACHMENT
1. PROTEST = Child protest separation i.e crying, panicking
2. DESPAIR = Become withdrawn.
3. DETACHMENT = After a while, will become more ALERT. Recovered from separation. Trust and security lost from CG (bond damaged).
Bowlby believed detachment = mental health/delinquency.
Study - kids long term care = social/cognitive/language skills difficulty. Get into trouble more. - 3Bowly theory criticisms - -Deprivation can be reversed. -Research doesn't support Montropy: children form more than one attachment with parents. Strange situation Criticisms - -Cross-cultural effect -EthicsRUTTER - MATERNAL DEPRIVATION MODEL
-Antisocial behaviour not separation but family discord, children who have suffered cruel treatment.
(maternal privation)
-Early maltreatment changes size/content of brain.
i.e GENIE
I.e. Scared/lonely increases cortisol levels - Biological effects of daycare. Will lead to insecure person in future. - 4PSYCHOLOGICAL Attachment is important -Bowlby theory (IWM) = sensitive/responsive parent leads to child trusting others = Positive IWM, leading to optimistic adult.DAYCARE
At risk of developmental problems?
1. QUALITY OF CARE = good care, risk insecure attachment reduced
2. AFFORDABILITY = poorer families, child in less quality care
3. PARENTS ATTITUDE TO WORK = Parents focus on work may impact social/emotional wellbeing
4. SUPPORT OF FAMILY = Enhance wellbeing through familiarity. Positive contribution.
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- Developmental Fichas sobre Attachment, creado por Holly Elliott el 23/08/2017.
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- Holly Elliott
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