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unit 10: personality
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- 1PAn individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling and acting
- 2Free AssociationIn Psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing - (He believed) it would allow him to retract that line, following a train of thought leading to the patients unconscious where painful memories could be retrieved and released.
- 3PsychoanalysisFreud's theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflict; the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions
- 4UnconsciousAccording to Freud - a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories. According to contemporary psychologists, information processing of which we are unaware
- 5the ida reservoir of unconscious psych energy that according to Freud wants to satisfy sexual and aggressive desires.
operates on pleasure principle demanding immediate gratification
The Id seeks immediate gratification of selfish desires (pleasure principle). - 6egothe largely conscious "executive" part of the personality that according to Freud mediates among demands of the Id, superego, and reality
ego operates on reality principle. The Ego seeks to gratify desires considering the consequences (reality principle). - 7SuperegoThe Superego considers right and wrong. Represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgment (the conscience).
- 8Freudian SlipsMistakes (“Freudian Slips”) were someone’s unconscious asserting itself.
- 9Psychosexual StagesOral (0-18 months) - pleasure entres on the mouth - sucking, biting, chewing
Anal (18-36 months) - focuses on bowel and bladder elimination
Phallic (3-6 years) Pleasure zone is genital; coping with incestuous sexual feelings
Latency (6 to puberty) - a phase of dormant sexual feelings
Genital (puberty on) - Maturation of sexual interests - 10Oedipus ComplexA boys sexual desires towards his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for the rival father
- 11IdentificationThe process by which children incorporate their parents values into their developing superegos
- 12Fixationa lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage, in which conflicts were unresolved
(children passed through predictable stages in which they faced a challenge to overcome. If we fail to overcome it, we become fixated as adults.) - 13Defense Mechanismswhen our unconscious feelings are unacceptable (especially feelings of sex or death), the ego protects itself using an unconscious defence mechanism by reducing anxiety and unconsciously distorting reality
- 14RepressionThe basic defence mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings and memories
- 15RegressionGoing back to a more infantile psychosexual stage where some psychic energy remains
Little boy reverts to sucking his thumb in the car on the way to his first day to school - 16Reaction FormationSwitching unacceptable inputs int their opposites - making angry feelings into exaggerated friendliness
- 17ProjectionPutting your feelings onto other people - "The thief thinks that everyone else is a thief"
- 18RationalizationOffering self justifying explanations in place of the real more threatening unconscious for ones actions - a drinker will say he's only social drinking when actually he's an alcoholic
- 19DisplacementShifting sexual or aggressive impulses towards a more acceptable or threatening object/person - a little girl kicks the family dog when her mom sends her to her room
- 20Sublimationtransfering of unacceptable impulses into socially valued motives - a man with aggressive urges become a surgeon
- 21DenialRefusing to believe or even perceive painful realities - a partner denies evidence of her loved ones affair
- 22Psychodynamic TheoriesModern day approaches that view personality with a focus on the unconscious and the importance of childhood experiences
- 23Collective UnconsciousCarl Jung's concept of a shared, inherited reservoir of memory traces from our species history
- 24Projective Testa Personality test, such as the Rorschach, the provides ambiguous stimuli designed to trigger projection of one's inner dynamics
- 25Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)test in which you are given a picture and tell a story about it
- 26Rorschach inkblot testseeks to identify people's inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of the inkblots
- 27False Consensus EffectThe tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and our behaviors = Projection
- 28Terror - Management TheoryA theory of death related anxiety; explores people's emotional and behavioural responses to reminders of their impending death
- 29Humanistic TheoriesView of personality focusing on the potential for healthy personal growth
- 30Self ActualizationOne of the ultimate psychological needs that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one's potential
- 31Unconditional positive regardAn attitude of total acceptance toward another person
- 32Self-conceptall of our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, in answer to the question "Who am I?"
The closer your ideal self and your actual real life self are, the better your self concept is - 33Traita characteristic pattern of behavior or a disposition to feel and act, as assessed by self-report inventories and peer reports
- 34Personality Inventorya questionnaire on which people respond to items designed to gauge a wide range or feeling and behaviours, used to asess selected personality traits
- 35Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)Originally developed to identify emotional disorders, this is now used for many other screening purposes
- 36Empirically Derived TestDeveloped by testing a pool of items and then selecting those that disciminate between groups
Given to normal and depressed people to see which questions were answered significantly different. - 37Social Cognitive PerspectiveViews behavior as influenced by the interaction between people's traits and their social context
- 38Behavioral Approachin personality theory, this perspective focuses on the effects of learning on our personality development
- 39Reciprocal Determinismthe interacting influences of behavior, internal cognition, and environment
- 40SelfContemporary psychology - assumed to be the center of personality, the organizer of our thoughts, feelings and actions
- 41Spotlight Effectoverestimating others noticing and evaluating our appearance, performance d blunders (as if we presume a splotlight shines on us)
- 42Self EsteemOne's feelings of high or low self worth
- 43Self Efficacyone's sense of competence and effectiveness
- 44Self Serving BiasA readiness to perceive oneself favorably
- 45NarcissismExcessive self love and self absorption
- 46IndividualismGiving priority to ones own goals over group goals. Defining ones personal attributes rather than group attributes
- 47CollectivismGiving priority to the goals of one's group and defining one's identity accordingly
- 48—
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- Grade 12 AP psychology Fichas sobre unit 10: personality, creado por Hina Shah el 03/04/2018.
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- Hina Shah
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