Fichas
BMS11-1037 Kidney Function III: Regulation of Osmolarity and Blood Volume
Fichas del conjunto (24)
- 1What are the three locations of Ca+/Mg2+ reabsorption? What drives this process?1. Proximal Convoluted Tubule
2. Thick Ascending Limb
3. Distal Convoluted Tubule+Collecting Duct
Passive process, so concentration gradient - 2How does activation of renal sympathetic nerves affect Na+ reabsorption following fall in BP?1. Baroreceptors in central arterial tree detect fall in blood pressure
2. GFR lowers due to:
-vasocontriction
- reduced surface area of filtration barrier
3. Renin release stimulated
4. Overall increase in Na+ reabsorption to increase H20 bulk flow, blood volume, blood pressure - 3As Na+ levels rise, the juxtaglomerular apparatus will1. Macula densa cells uptake more Na+
2. Adeosine formation increases to bind to A1 receptors on SM
3. Increase in Ca2+ leading to contraction of the A.A
4. Renin release inhibited - 4In the collecting duct Aldosterone: ... Na+ reabsorption by increasing expression of ...and .... Also increases K+ secretion/excretion In the DCT Aldosterone: increases expression of the ... Also ... absorption in gut, sweat glands, salivary glands1. Increases
2. ENAC
3. Na+/K+ ATPase
4. Na+/K+ ATPase
5. Increases - 5Plasma has ...of free calcium Intracellular fluid has ... of free calcium1. 1.1.25mM
2. 0.001mM - 6Sodium excretion is regulated by? (2)1. GFR (starling forces, hydraulic permeability, SA of filtration barrier)
2. Amount of Na+ reabsorption - 7The main solute in Extracellular Fluid is .... The main solute in Intracellular Fluid is ....Extracellular: Na+
Intracelluar: K+ - 8What are the 3 actions of Type A/B Natriuretic Peptides?1. Natriuetic (increases Na+ excretion)
2. Diuretic (inhibits ADH release so more dilute urine)
3. Hypotensive
- systematic vasodilation
- Dilates AA to increase GFR - 9How do natriuretic Peptides increase Na+ excretion ?1. block ENAC channels
2. Inhibit renin/aldosterone - 10What are the 3 impacts of angiotensin II? 1. Stimulates PCT Na+ reabsorption by activating ...pump on basolateral membrane and.... pump on luminal 2. Stimulates ... release/increases ... 3. Aldosterone secretion from adrenal cortex which ... Na+ reabsorption in ...1. Na+/K+
2. H+/Na+
3. ADH
4. thirst
5. increases
6. DCT/CD - 11What are the effector pathways of Na+ reabsorption?1. Renal Sympathetic Nerves (increase renin release)
2. Renin/Angiontensin II/Aldosterone System (RAAS)
3. Atrial Natriuretic Peptide
4. Direct Pressure on kidney
5. Dopamine - 12How does dopamine affect Na+ Reabsorption?Inhibits Na+ reabsorption
- 13What are the mechanisms of extrinsic control of GFR in response to a fall in blood pressure?1. Barareceptors activated in carotid sinus/aortic arch, SNS activated
2. Vasoconstriction of AA lowers SA of filtration barrier (mesangial cells), lowering GFR
3. Na+/H20 conserved, increased BP/Volume - 14What are the three factors promoting renin release?1. Lowered sodium delivery to macula densa
2. Lowered wall tension in AA
3. SNS Activity - 15What are the two intrinsic mechanisms of GFR control?1. Myogenic response by renal SM
-sudden rise in BP stretches SM, vasocontriction in response
-this lowers GFR
2. Tubuloglomelular feedback by juxtaglomelular apparatus (vasoconstriction+renin release) - 16What are the two types of Natriuetic Peptides released when the heart is stretched and from where?1. A type from atrial myocardium
2. B type from ventricular myocardium - 17Increased osmolarity is detected by .... at .... in .... They produce ... molecule, causing ... to be released from posterior pituitary1. Osomoreceptors
2. Paraventricular/suboptic nuclei
3. Hypothalamus
4. ADH precursor
5. ADH - 18What do osmoreceptors in the lateral preoptic area do compared to those in the paraventricular/suboptic nucleiIncrease thirst instead of promoting ADH release
- 19What is the function of renin?Renin converts angiotensinogen-->angiotensin I-->angiotensin II
- 20The main regulator of blood volume is...Na+ balance/quality
- 21What senses Na+ concentration? (4)1. Macula densa cells
2. Pressure receptors in central arterial tree
3. Pressure receptors in renal AA
4. Volume receptors in cardiac atria/intrathoracic veins - 22When free Ca2+ <... ... hormone is released leading to: 1. ... excretion in urine 2. Vit D2/D3 hydroxylation to active form, upregulate Ca2+ receptor of ... cells of parathyroid gland, promote Ca2+/phosphate absorption 3. Ca2+ reabsorption in kidney1. 1mM
2. Parathyroid
3. Phosphate
4. Cheif - 23...reabsorbs CA2+ via TRPUS Ca2+ transporters, Mg2+ via channels/active transportDistal Collecting Tubule
2. TRPUS Ca2+ transporters
3. Channels/active transport - 24What does atrial natriuretic peptide do?
Información
- Descripción
- Describe the main fluid compartments of the body and factors that affect movement of water between them. Explain the relationship between osmolality and volume and their multiple regulatory pathways, sensors and effectors. Understand the role of the juxtaglomerular apparatus in renin release. Understand the roles of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and sympathetic nervous systems and atrial stretch receptors in the regulation of ECF volume.
- Creado por
- Evian Chai
- Visitas
- 20
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