Developmental Psychology

Developmental Psychology

1. Types of attachment

   • Type A- Insecure Avoidant
     • 15%
   • Type B- Secure
     • 70%
   • Type C- Insecure Resistant
     • 15%

2. The Strange situation

   • 1. M+C come into room
     • 2. S enters and talks to M
       • 3.M leaves
         • 4. M returns and S leaves
           • 5. M leaves again
             • 6. S comes back
               • 7. M returns again and comforts child
   • Stranger anxiety
   • Separation anxiety
   • Reunion behaviour
   • Cross cultural differences-
     • Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg
       • Meta analysis
         • Some countries only had 1 study
       • Inter cultural variations
       • More intra cultural variation
       • Highest type A: Germany
         • Type C: Israel
           • Collectivist culture
         • Independent culture

3. Deprivation

   • Privation
     • Genie
       • Never recovered fully
       • Found at 13 years old
       • Could have already had disabilities
     • Koluchova twins
       • Found at 7
         • Had some care before reaching 18 months
           • Could have formed attachments with one another
       • Recovered and had sucessful relationships
   • Institutionalisation
     • Hodges and Tizard
       • Longitudinal study
         • 65 chidren
         • By the age of 4
           • 'Restored'
             • Adopted
               • Stayed at the home
               • 17/21 securely attached
             • Only half securely attached
         • Assessed age 8+ 16
           • Peer relations not as good as non institutionalised kids
           • More attention seeking

4. Daycare

   • Agression
     • more time spent in daycare caused more aggressive bahviour
       • NICHD
         • Large sample size
         • Correlation is not always causation
       • EPPE
         • large sample size
           • Can be generalised
     • no evidence of increased aggression
       • ALSPAC
         • Large sample size
   • Peer relations
     • helps development
       • Clarke Stewart
         • Small sample size
           • Not representative
           • Doesnt look at other variables
       • EPPE
         • Large sample size
     • Can harm peer relations
       • DiLalla
         • Correlation is not always causation

5. Bowlbys theory of attachment

   • ASCMI
     • Adaptive
     • Social releasers
     • Critical period
     • Monotropy
     • Internal working model

6. Learning theory

   • 'All behaviour is learnt'
     • Operant conditioning
       • learning through consequence
     • Classical conditioning
       • learning through association
     • Evaluating the ltoa