Bacteria

Bacteria

1. Structure

   • Flagella
     • Swimming , protein
     • Location varies with species
     • Peritrichous (throughout) polar (at one end)
     • Comprise of complex ring str in membrane
   • Pilli
     • Attachment to surface and protection against PC engulfment
   • Sex pillus
     • Mating pair formation; protein
   • Capsule
     • Attachment to surface, protect against PC engulfment, usually P/S occ prot
   • Cell Wall
     • Maintain shape and rigidity, prevent osmotic lysis
       • Gram Positive
         • Peptidoglycan & teichoic acid
           • N-acetyl glucosamine (NAG); N-acetyl muramic acid (NAM)
             • Bonded by B-1,4-glycosidic
             • Arrange alternate (NAM-NAG-NAM)
             • Peptide branching from NAM
       • Gram Negative
         • Surrounded by lipopolysaccharide
           • Toxic to animals
           • Endotoxin
           • Lipid A
           • Mphage=> pyrogen, complement cascade => inflammation, blood factor => DIC and haemmorhage
           • Shock, organ failure and death
   • Plasma Membrane
     • Permeability barrier, Lipid and prot
   • Ribosome
   • Cytoplasmic inclusion
     • Nutrient reserve
   • Chromosome
     • Genetic material, extrachromosomal: Plasmid
   • Endospore
     • Non reproductive str, reduced form of bacteria
       • Exosporium, Spore coat, cortex and core wall
     • Highly resistant (chem, temp and dessication)
     • Promote survival in adverse condition