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SESSION 2 - CELL ADAPTATIONS
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- 1HOMEOSTASIS WITHIN THE CELLGeneric programming of metabolism, differentiation & specialisation.
Effects & interactions with neighbouring cells.
Availability of metabolic nutrients - 2STAGES OF IMPAIRMENT OF CELLS FUNCTIONADAPTATION - Examples of adaptive responses are hyperplasia, hypertrophy & atrophy.
REVERSIBLE INJURY - Cell injury is reversible up to a certain point.
CELL DEATH - When a cell exceeds its limit in reversible injury it then suffers irreversible injury and ultimately cell death. - 3CAUSES OF CELL DEATHIschemia - lack of blood flow
Infections
Toxins - alcohol, lead, mercury
Hypoxia - lack of oxygen
Nutrient Deprivation
Odema - 4APOPTOSIS & NECROSISAPOPTOSIS
Designed to eliminate unwanted cells through activation of internal suicide program.
NECROSIS
Occurs after abnormal stresses cause irreversible damage to the cell and it is always pathalogic. - 5HYPERTROPHY & HYPERPLASIAHYPERTROPHY
Increase in the SIZE of the individual cell - resulting in an increase in the size of the organ.
HYPERPLASIA
Increase in the NUMBER of cells - usually resulting in increased volume of the organ or tissue. - 6METAPLASIAIs irreversible cell changes from one type to another in response to external stressors to better adapt to its environment.
EG: Goblet cells in Gourd - 7DYSPLASIA & NEOPLASIADYSPLASIA
Abnormality of cell development which is often reversible.
NEOPLASIA
Uncontrolled progression of the formation and growth of cells/neoplasms (tumors) - 8SUBCELLULAR ALTERATIONChanges within the cell....
AUTOPHAGY refers to lyosomal digestion of the cells own components and is initiated by nutrient deprivation. - 9HYPERPLASIA - HORMONAL STIMULUS & HYPERPLASIA - COMPENSATORYHormonal stimulus - causes increase in cell numbers during times like puberty (female breast) and pregnancy.
Compensatory - occurs when a portion of the tissue is diseased or removed. - 10ATROPHYShrinkage in the size of the cell by the loss of cell substance is known as atrophy.
Caused by decreased workload, ischemia, poor nutrition, aging, loss of endocrine stimulation, pressure due to growing tumors or swelling
Información
- Descripción
- CELL ADAPTATION
- Creado por
- Nelle · ago 2013
- Actualizado
- 19 feb 2016
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