Flashcards
Intelligence: Heredity and Environment - Thought and Language
Cards in this deck (21)
- 1Bellcurve (Hernnstein and Murray): Psychologists agree that a general factor (g) exists - true or false?False
- 2(Hernnstein and Murray): IQ is able to be modified through education and special training - true or false?True
- 3(Hernnstein and Murray): IQ is mostly genetically determined - true or false?False - Enrichment Programmes & Specific Group Learning
- 4Heritability studies on intelligence in monozygotic twins have shown:There is a high correlation between IQ scores and genes where twins are reared together, however there is a smaller correlation seen when twins are reared apart from one another.
- 5Heritability studies on intelligence in dizygotic twins have shown:Whilst there is a correlation between the twins IQ scores, it is smaller than that of monozygotic twins, and smaller still where dizygotic twins are reared apart.
- 6The correlation between children's IQ scores and biological parents IQ scores that live together is:0.42
- 7When children are brought up away from there biological parents the correlation between IQ scores:Decreases in comparison to children raised by their biological parents.
- 8Heritability studies in monozygotic and dizygotic twins conclude: The limitation of these studies however is:Both genes and environment play a role in determining intelligence. There are limitations where the environments of identical twins are assumed to be no similar or different than environments of dizygotic twins or siblings, however if you share 100% of your genes it is likely that you will share many of the same interests which could attribute to similar intelligence scores. In dizygotic twins or even siblings, as they don't share 100% of their genes, their interests may be different, and they may engage in different activities to both the parents and other siblings which may lead to differences in intelligence.
- 9Other environmental influences on intelligence may include:Stimulation - IQ tests given to children before school holidays and after school holidays show that the stimulation of school increases IQ, Neglect (makes brains smaller)
Teratogens - alcohol, drugs
Nutrition
Trauma may impair cognitive function - 10Genetic influences on intelligence may include:Inherited diseases that result in impaired cognitive function - PKU, Tay Sachs etc
Down Syndrome - Although not heritable it is a genetic influence on cognitive functioning. - 11The Abecedarian Project aimed to show:The effects of enriched day care on children living in poverty. The enrichment programme involved day care with a stimulating social environment, secure attachment relationships and rich, varied language. The control group received nothing
- 12The ABC project found:The enrichment programme showed long term effects on the health and cognitive functioning of the individuals in the intervention group.
-70% of enrichment group were engaged in higher education or a highly skilled job compared to 40% of non intervention group.
-Those in the intervention group were doing better on tasks than those in the non intervention group, and were older when they had children
-MOST IMPORTANTLY-Intelligence is not fixed, and can be modified by the environment. - 13High heritability does not meanuninfluenced by the environment
- 14Geneticists ______ the influence of genes because they don't consider the gene x environment interaction.Over estimate. You are born with a genetic potential, but your environment will influence which genes play roles in your intelligence - e.g you might be tall - therefore encouraged in to a sport like basket ball instead of painting, and by playing the sport you get better, you're seen to have potential, and you may get picked to play under good coaches etc
- 15Racial differences in IQ is the result of heredity - False - Why?The environmental effect cannot be ignored, and there is always more than one reason for the differences between groups. Environment and Socioeconomic status play a large role in helping to determine intelligence scores.
- 16Adoption Studies relating socioeconomic status to intelligence have shown:African American children that were adopted into high SES environments showed significantly higher IQ scores than those that remained in low SES environments. In low SES environments children were shown to have a below average IQ, and those that went into a high SES environment showed greater increase in intelligence scores compared to those adopted in to a middle SES environment and those who stayed in the low SES environment.
- 17Other studies on the genetic differences between genius level African-American kids and normal African-American kids have shown:There was no significant difference in their genetics that could explain the differences in their IQ scores.
- 18Twin Studies on Heritability and SES have shown:Twins raised in the high SES environment showed similar scores to one another, where twins raised in low SES environments showed different scores. Therefore the relationship between heritability and intelligence is seen in an optimal learning environment, in which the full potential of the genes can occur.
- 19Spencer, Steele and Quinn (1999) showed:Stereotypes affect performance. Groups of adults were given a maths test, and were either told 'this test will reveal gender differences' or said nothing.
Females in the intervention group showed a decrease in maths scores, where those in the control group showed no differences in the scores between men and women. This could be explained by the idea that you may think you are fulfilling a stereotype by not persisting with a hard task, and therefore are less likely to persist. - 20The stereotype threat may therefore:help to explain differences between groups.
- 21Studies on intelligence of children of American soldiers brought up in either Germany or the States post world war 2 showed that:Although ethnically and genetically the two groups were the same, environmental differences resulted in children who were brought up in Germany doing better on intelligence tasks than those who were brought up in the states.
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- 112 Psychology Flashcards on Intelligence: Heredity and Environment - Thought and Language, created by Bex Chrystall on 22/09/2017.
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- Bex Chrystall
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