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Flashcards

History

laura aaa History GCSE English 31 cards

Cards in this deck (31)

  1. 1Why were Marcher Earldoms made?- to restore peace
    - on border with wales for defence
    - 3 new earldoms
  2. 2Who were the 3 earls?-Hugh d’Avranches
    - Roger of Montgomery
    - William fitzOsbern
  3. 3Hugh d’AvranchesEarl of Chester
  4. 4Roger of MontgomeryEarl of Shrewsbury
  5. 5William fitzOsbernEarl of Hereford
  6. 6Question TextAnswer Text
  7. 7Rewarding his followersWilliam didn’t take land from the English -concerned they would rebel and wanted to avoid this
  8. 8How did William try to avoid rebellions? (4 ways)-promised to rule within king Edward’s laws and to work with the surviving English lords
    - allowed earls Edwin & Morcar to keep their titles and most of their lands as earls
    - allowed English thegns to buy back their lands from him- only if they hadn’t fought at Hastings
    -retained Stigand and Aldred as archbishops and didn’t replace them with Normans
  9. 9Why did he do this?To show he was Edward the Confessor’s legitimate heir and he was providing continuity to the Anglo-Saxon kings
  10. 10Why did William reward his men?To show he was keeping his word to them and was an honourable lord
    He still needed support to be able to conquer England
  11. 11How did William reward his men?Gave them land of English landowners that died at Hastings
    E.g. williams good friend fitzOsbern received Harold Godwinson’s land when he had been Earl of Wessex
  12. 12What did William do in 1066/67He returned to Normandy and went on a tour to show off his triumph over the English
  13. 13Who did William take with him?Edwin and Morcar
    Edgar Aethling
    Archbishop Stigand
  14. 14Why were they humiliatedThey would have known they were only there because the English had been beaten by the Normans
  15. 15Who did William leave in charge of governing England?His half-brother Odo (Bishop of Bayeux) and his good friend William fitzOsbern
  16. 16How had the Normans been successful so far?-the English leaders had submitted to William and had supported his coronation
    -there had been no major rebellions
    -the first castles must have over-awed the English who saw them
  17. 17When was the Kent Rebellion?Summer 1067
  18. 18What happened in the rebellion?Kentish rebels convinced a French count, Eustice, to help seize Dover castle
    It was small enough for garrison of Norman soldiers at Dover to deal with
  19. 19Why was the rebellion so bad for William?First sign of the dangers to come
    Until now the English had been quiet-shock of defeat and heavy death
    toll of thegns and local lords
    English didn’t have leaders they would need to fight back effectively
  20. 20Rebellion in West Midlands 1067- 69Edric the wild(powerful English thegn) & welsh princes (Bleddyn & Rhiwallon) rebelled in West Midlands
    Edric surrendered in 1070 -pardoned
  21. 211068 rebellion in ExeterKing Harold’s sons
    Sailed from Ireland and attacked Bristol - they were defeated
    Other rebels took control of Exeter but surrendered after an 18 day siege.
    William built a castle at Exeter
  22. 221068 rebellion in the north (Edwin & Morcar)Edgar Aethling fled from williams court to Scotland
    Edwin & Morcar fled to their earldoms in the midlands and north
    A rebellion broke out in the north led by Edwin and Morcar - William marched north
    Edwin and Morcar surrendered
  23. 23Exeter rebellion in 1069King Harold’s sons landed with 60 shiploads of men & attacked Exeter
    Norman soldiers from Exeter castle defeated them
    They were forced to return to Ireland
  24. 241069 rebellion in YorkNorman commanders in York & Durham killed by rebels
    Rebels made alliances with kings of Scotland & Denmark - wanted Edgar to be king of England
    William marched north- won back control of area and built 2 castles in York
  25. 25What was the Harrying of the North?Large danish army joined northern rebels in another attack on York
    William forces Danes to flee and punished the local people harshly - Harrying of the North
  26. 261070 rebellionsSmall rebellions in Cheshire and Staffordshire
  27. 271070-71 Denmark rebellionKing of Denmark & army sailed into river Humber
    Sparked rebellion in the Fenlands led by Hereward the Wake
    William made peace with Danes and forced rebels to surrender after long struggle
  28. 28Why did Edwin and Morcar rebel in 1068?Likely reasons are:
    - Edwin was angry because William had promised he could marry one of his daughters -Edwin didn’t trust William
    -William seemed to have replaced Morcar as Earl of Northumbria- Gospatric had been given northern lands (dont know if replaced tho)
    -humiliated on trip to Normandy
  29. 29What was williams response?William acted quickly
    Led an army northwards (strong leadership) - stopping at Edwin’s lands - built castles in Warwick and Nottingham
    -headed to Morcar’s Northumbria & built another castle in York
    -William ‘allowed his men to harry wherever they came’ - destroyed hosing, crops
  30. 30Why did William do this?As punishment & a warning to people not to rebel
  31. 31What did Edwin & Morcar do?Surrendered without any fighting taking place

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GCSE History Flashcards on History , created by laura aaa on 16/10/2017.
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laura aaa
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