Flashcards
Endocrine System - Ch 17
Cards in this deck (31)
- 1endocrine glandsductless, secret hormone
- 2exocrine glandshave ducts, non-hormonal products secreted into membrane surfaces
- 3amino acid-based hormonemost common classification for hormones ; second-messenger system
- 4steroid hormonesgonadal & adrenocortical hormones ; direct gene activation
- 5second-messenger systemhormone binds to receptor, G-protein signals second message, signal cascades, & protein is phosphated
- 6direct gene activationsteroid hormones are lipid soluble- pass thru PM, binds to receptor & activated complex forms, complex passes into nucleus & binds to specific DNA, assoc. w/ DNA turns on gene & sequence is transcribed
- 7target cell specificitymediated by protein receptors; receptors are localized to cells that are influenced by a given hormone
- 8half-life of hormoneamount of time it takes for half of the circulating hormone to be removed from circulation & excreted
- 9onsetonset of effect of hormone depends on hormone type - i.e. steroids take hours to day for onset
- 10negative feedback hormone releaseas hormone level increases, target organ is affected, once effect occurs - release is inhibited
- 11humoral hormoneendocrine glands release hormones in response to changing levels of ions/nutrients
- 12neural hormonenerve fibers stimulate hormonal release
- 13hormonal releaseglands release hormones in response to other hormones
- 14pituitary glandproduces many hormones in body
- 15anterior pit. hormonesTSH, ACTH, FSH, LH (tropic) ; PRL, GH (nontropic)
- 16growth hormone (GH)-stimulates most cells to grow & divide
-regulation by hypothalamic hormones (-) feedback
-GHRH- releasing (somatocrinin)
-GHIH - inhibiting (somatostatin) - 17thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)-stims normal growth & activity of thyroid gland
-controlled by TRH (releasing)
-feedback inhibition & GHIH inhibit hormone release - 18adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-stims adrenal cortex to release corticosteroid hormones
-controlled by CRH (releasing)
-inhibited when glucocorticoids rise - 19FSH & LH-FSH stims gamete production
-LH promotes production of gonadal hormones; causes egg to be extruded from follicle
-Both release controlled by hypothalamus - GnRH ; regulated by negative feedback - 20prolactin (PRL)-stims milk production
-PRH & PIH (releasing/inhibiting) - serotonin & dopamine respectively - 21post. pit hormonesoxytocin & antidiuretic hormone
- 22oxytocinstims smooth muscle contraction, positive feedback
- 23antidiuretic hormonecauses kidneys to absorb more water (thirst increases) ; inhibits/prevents urine production
- 24thyroid glandthyroid hormone (TH)
-T4 produced by thyroxine & T3 forms at target tissue (T4-->T3)
-Calcitonin - decreases blood Ca levels - 25parathyroid glands-secrete PTH
-controls Ca balance - released in response to low Ca levels - 26adrenal cortex-corticosteroids (cholesterol synth.)
-mineralcorticosteroids: aldosterone- reduces excretion of Na+
-glucocorticoids: response to stress & metabolism
-gonadocorticoids: sex hormones androgens - 27adrenal medulla-chromatin cells secrete EPI & NE
-BP & HR elevate, glucose mobilizes, blood stopped from entering GI - 28pancreas-pancreatic islets - islets of Langerhands: alpha cells produce glucagons & beta cells produce insulin
- 29gonadssex hormones produced by adrenal cortex
- 30pineal glandsecretes melatonin & receives indirect input from visual system
- 31thymusproduces hormonal products important for T-cell maturation
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- Anatomy & Physiology 2 Flashcards on Endocrine System - Ch 17, created by Mansi Trikha on 02/04/2018.
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