13078787
Description
Flashcards by Mansi Trikha, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Mansi Trikha
about 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| endocrine glands | ductless, secret hormone |
| exocrine glands | have ducts, non-hormonal products secreted into membrane surfaces |
| amino acid-based hormone | most common classification for hormones ; second-messenger system |
| steroid hormones | gonadal & adrenocortical hormones ; direct gene activation |
| second-messenger system | hormone binds to receptor, G-protein signals second message, signal cascades, & protein is phosphated |
| direct gene activation | steroid hormones are lipid soluble- pass thru PM, binds to receptor & activated complex forms, complex passes into nucleus & binds to specific DNA, assoc. w/ DNA turns on gene & sequence is transcribed |
| target cell specificity | mediated by protein receptors; receptors are localized to cells that are influenced by a given hormone |
| half-life of hormone | amount of time it takes for half of the circulating hormone to be removed from circulation & excreted |
| onset | onset of effect of hormone depends on hormone type - i.e. steroids take hours to day for onset |
| negative feedback hormone release | as hormone level increases, target organ is affected, once effect occurs - release is inhibited |
| humoral hormone | endocrine glands release hormones in response to changing levels of ions/nutrients |
| neural hormone | nerve fibers stimulate hormonal release |
| hormonal release | glands release hormones in response to other hormones |
| pituitary gland | produces many hormones in body |
| anterior pit. hormones | TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH (tropic) ; PRL, GH (nontropic) |
| growth hormone (GH) | -stimulates most cells to grow & divide -regulation by hypothalamic hormones (-) feedback -GHRH- releasing (somatocrinin) -GHIH - inhibiting (somatostatin) |
| thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) | -stims normal growth & activity of thyroid gland -controlled by TRH (releasing) -feedback inhibition & GHIH inhibit hormone release |
| adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) | -stims adrenal cortex to release corticosteroid hormones -controlled by CRH (releasing) -inhibited when glucocorticoids rise |
| FSH & LH | -FSH stims gamete production -LH promotes production of gonadal hormones; causes egg to be extruded from follicle -Both release controlled by hypothalamus - GnRH ; regulated by negative feedback |
| prolactin (PRL) | -stims milk production -PRH & PIH (releasing/inhibiting) - serotonin & dopamine respectively |
| post. pit hormones | oxytocin & antidiuretic hormone |
| oxytocin | stims smooth muscle contraction, positive feedback |
| antidiuretic hormone | causes kidneys to absorb more water (thirst increases) ; inhibits/prevents urine production |
| thyroid gland | thyroid hormone (TH) -T4 produced by thyroxine & T3 forms at target tissue (T4-->T3) -Calcitonin - decreases blood Ca levels |
| parathyroid glands | -secrete PTH -controls Ca balance - released in response to low Ca levels |
| adrenal cortex | -corticosteroids (cholesterol synth.) -mineralcorticosteroids: aldosterone- reduces excretion of Na+ -glucocorticoids: response to stress & metabolism -gonadocorticoids: sex hormones androgens |
| adrenal medulla | -chromatin cells secrete EPI & NE -BP & HR elevate, glucose mobilizes, blood stopped from entering GI |
| pancreas | -pancreatic islets - islets of Langerhands: alpha cells produce glucagons & beta cells produce insulin |
| gonads | sex hormones produced by adrenal cortex |
| pineal gland | secretes melatonin & receives indirect input from visual system |
| thymus | produces hormonal products important for T-cell maturation |
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