Flashcards
Evolutionary psychology
Cards in this deck (27)
- 1Evolutionary psychology- The study of human nature in the light of the evolutionary theory
- 2Geological stratification of fossils- The era a fossil comes from can be determined by which soil layer the fossil is found in
- 3Transitional fossils- The "missing links" in the chain of evolutionary transition of a species
- 4Shared traits- Shows sign of common descent, can be present in common body plan and developmental pathways
- 5Vestigial traits- Traits that serve no function in the species current form
- 6Evolution- Heritable changes in a population over time
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- The change in gene freuencies in a population over time - 7Natural selection Sexual selection- Competition for resources determines the reproduction success of an individual and its genes
- Competition for mates determines the reproduction of success of an individual and its genes - 8Genetic drift Gene flow- Change in gene frequency in a population due to chance
- The migration of genetic material from one species to another - 9Direct fitness Indirect fitness Inclusive fitness- Number of 1/2 gene copies in own offspring (3 children=1,5)
- Number of 1/4 gene copies in relatives' offspring (4 nieces=1)
- Sum of direct and indirect fitness (e.g. 2,5) - 10Adaption- A trait that has been shaped by natural selection to enhance reproductive success
- 11Evolutionary by-products- Traits that are neutral to natural selection, e.g. nipples on men or the colour of blood
- 12Maladaptive traits- Traits that comes with a risk that is outweight by the benefits, e.g. the risk of choking is outweighed by the benefit of speaking
- 13Inter-sex selection Intra-sex selection- Selection between the sexes, e.g. peacock feathers
- Selection within a sex, e.g. antler fighting in deers - 14Minimal investment Typical investment- The minimal effort that an individual can put into its offsprings. In humans, the female invest much more than the male
- The typical effort put into offsprings. Here, the difference is smaller - 15Sexual dimorphism- Differences between the sexes due to sexual selection, e.g. body size
- 16Short-term mating strategies in humans- Males want to improve their chance of conception (mate with as many young and healthy women as possible)
- Females want to look for good genes (mate with few yet strong and resourceful men) - 17Long-term mating strategies in humans- Males want multiple partners, fidelity, fertility, and youth in their partners
- Females want investing, stable, and fertile partners - 18Aggression- The behaviour of physical violence, threatened and actual
- 19Biological causes of aggression Cultural causes of aggression- Hunger, defence, or dominance
- Societal, political, and religious differences - 20Between group aggression Within group aggression- Aggression towards another family, clan, or country (promote genes of in-group)
- Aggression towards members of family, clan, or country, often females (control female sexuality) - 21Proxies for ancestors- Groups of people that live as our hunter-gatherer ancestors did (Bushmen, Aborigines, Hadza, Yanamamo, Aché, Inuit)
- 22Lethal raids- Males of a group attacks members of another tribe, kill a few its males, and carry off their women
- 23Cooperation- A behaviour that benefits another organism or entity of organisms
- 24Multualism Altruism- Behaviour that immediately benefits both parties
- Behaviour that immediately benefits only one party - 25Kin selection Reciprocal altruism- Related organism helps each other to promote each other's genes
- Altruistic behaviour that will be repayed later (not proven to be present in non-human animals) - 26Hamilton's rule- rB > C
r = relatedness to other
B = benefit to other
C = cost to self - 27Fairness- A universal behaviour that favours those who shares, are nice, do not cheat and so on. Probably origins in reciprocal altruism
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- Psychology Flashcards on Evolutionary psychology, created by Michella x on 16/04/2018.
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- Michella x
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