Flashcards
Recovered Memories
Cards in this deck (22)
- 1What were the issues with Eileen's recall of the Susan Manson memories?The memories were recovered in therapy
All the details recalled by Eileen were publicised by the media - 2Sigmund Freud thought that recovered memories were?Traumatic events that were banished from consciousness until a time in which we are able to cope and process them.
That when recalled they were in pristine condition.
Subconsciously the traumatic events affect us emotionally throughout. - 3How did self-help books and "symptom" lists contribute to the memory wars?Self-help books and "symptom" lists gave people the illusory correlation that somethings they may be experiencing were caused by buried trauma. Causing them to head into therapy with a preconceived idea
- 4How is therapy dangerous in regards to the memory wars era?1) Therapists have preconceived assumptions regarding abuse
2) Confirmation biases occurred and they test for specific hypothesises to do with abuse
3) Plausability-enhancing 'evidence' is sought (symptoms turn into evidence)
4) Adoption of and confirmation of belief in the abuse of behalf of the client - 5What therapy techniques can cause false memories of abuse?Guided-imagery
Rebirthing
Hypnosis
Age Regression
Dream Work
Past Life Analysis - 6How do we constitute evidence in regards to recovered memories?The Three-Pronged Evidence Approach:
1) Evidence that the abuse took place
2) Evidence the memory was forgotten
3) Proof it was later remembered - 7What types of repressed memory studies are there?1. Retrospective - Interviewing individuals asking them about the past
2. Prospective - Ask individuals with a documented case of abuse what they remember about it
3. Case Studies - presented alongside interpretation by therapists - 8What happened in William's study abuse remembering study and what was the problem associated with the study itself?It was found that 38% of women didn't report abuse, being interpreted as repression.
Problems of the study were:
1) The abuse generally occurred during the childhood amnesia stage
2) Participants were never directly asked about the abuse
3) lack of Rapport may be a reason that it wasn't brought not repression - 9At the moment repression studies aren't considered good evidence. Explain?Do to the multiple methodological shortcomings and may studies not fitting the three criterion to prove repressed memory (proof of abuse, proof of forgetting, proof of remembering).
- 10Define Retractors and False Memories.Retractors are individuals who stated they had recovered memories and then retracted that statement. Many said that the "false" memories were caused by therapists.
False memories are memories of events that did not occur. - 11If someone was to retract their statement about a recovered memory, what would be their likely reason?It would most likely be due to the fact that the quality of the "recovered" memory doesn't match other memories held by the individual due to very high or very low amounts of detail.
- 12Define the recipe for False Memory Implantation:1) False memory needs to be subjectively plausible
2) A belief that the memory happened needs to be developed
3) A memory needs to be mentally constructed in the individual
4) The individual needs to make a source monitoring error in regards to the formed memory. - 13If you manipulate ___________ you can increase false memory formation.Plausibility
- 14If I wanted to increase the plausibility of a memory how would it be done?Media can be used to convey the idea (bugs bunny for Disney) or the use of a narrative (Balloon experiment).
- 15What is imagination inflation?When imaging an event occurring the confidence that the event actually happened increases.
- 16Garry et al. (1996) study on imagination aimed to, finding?They asked 40 participants to rate on a scale whether these childhood events happened to them. 2 weeks later they were used to imagine some events and were re-rated.
They aimed to see if imagination had an effect on the confidence that an event had happened. - 17How do we rate that participants actually believe the implanted memories?1) When debriefed, participants are surprised
2) They are willing to say the memories are made up
3)They are happy to report they didn't remember the events
4) They came up with reasons for not remembering - 18Define the DRM Paradigm and normal results:Oral presentation of a list of closely linked words.
After a delay, participants asked to recall the words
Participants often remember hearing lure words that are associated with the words in the list but wasn't presented.
The longer the list the more susceptible you are to the DRM effect. - 19Explain the design of Clancy et al. (2002) alien abduction study.Three groups: Recovered (alien abd), Repressed (alien abd) and Control.
Tested on the DRM. - 20What did the alien abduction study by Clancy et al. (2002) find?That those in the Repressed and Recovered groups recalled a higher number of lure words on the DRM.
More "imagination" (psychics) leads to an increase in false recall on the DRM - 21Why can't physiological deductions be used to define between true traumatic memories and false memories?PTSD causes increase physiological reaction (inc heart rate, skin conductance, muscle tension) in response to the activation of the traumatic memories. in over half of individuals with false traumatic memories this also occurs making them indistinguishable.
- 22What can be said about repressed and false memories?Repressed memories have little empirical support and are often no much more than ordinary forgetting and remembering.
False memories can be created pretty easily and are hard to distinguish from real memories due to the fact that most individuals strongly believe them.
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- Psychology (PSYC323) Flashcards on Recovered Memories, created by Kalib Edwards on 06/05/2018.
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- Kalib Edwards
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