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Flashcards

Fungi

Emma Lloyd Introduction to Microbiology English 32 cards

Cards in this deck (32)

  1. 1Five different phyla of fungal?Chytridiomycetes, mucormycetes, glomeromycetes, ascomycetes, basidiomycetes
  2. 2What characterises fungi?The structure of the spore containing organ
  3. 3What are chytridiomycota?The most primitive fungi. Approx. 1000 species. Many chytrids are aquatic.
    They have motile zoospores in a zooporangium.
  4. 4What are mucormycota?Aprox 1000 species. Have coenocytic hyphae. Have a zygosporangium with zygospores inside. (looked at these in practical). These fungi cause food spoilage. Causes disease called mucormycosis which isn't very curable and best option is chopping off infected bit
  5. 5What are glomeromycota?Aprox 230 species. Arbuscular mycorrhizas. They live between the plant and soil and help plant to capture nutrients such as phorphorous, sulfur and nitrogen. Plant privides them carbohydrates. Obligate plant symbionts.
  6. 6What does arbuscular mycorrhizae mean?Penetrate into roots and form arbuscules in them.
  7. 7What are ascomycota?Aprox 65,000 species. Form ascocarp which is a fruiting body. Have septae hyphae. Asexual reproduction is conidia on conidiophore. Sexual form is ascus containing ascospores. There are some good ascomycota that cause plant and human disease but good ones in food and drink.
  8. 8What are basidiomycota?>30,000 species. Produce basidiocarp (fruiting body = mushroom). Have a basidium with basidiospores (underneath fruiting body). They make up the edible mushrooms and poisonous mushrooms, etc
  9. 9What are ectomycorrhiza?They are symbionts with plants but aren't as invasive. They have a mantle which is a thick layer of fungal cells that grows to the tip of the roots and a Hartig net which are fungal cells growing between epidermis cells.
  10. 10The fungal nucleus?Ploidy: most haploid with 6-20 chromosomes
    Others alternate between being haploid and diploid and some are polyploid.
    Unique features: membrane remains intact during mitosis. No clear metaphase plate.
  11. 11Plasma membrane in fungi?Phosopholipid bilayer with anchorage for enzymes/proteins such as chitin synthases or glucan synthases. Contains ergostgerol.
  12. 12What are chitosomes?Microvesicles with chitin synthases in them
  13. 13Uses of fungal cell wall?Structural barrier, environmental interface, protects against osmotic lysis, contains pigments for protection, mediates ineraction with other organisms.
  14. 14Different fungal morphologies?Filamentous fungi like molds and mushrooms. Also yeasts.
  15. 15How do filamentous fungi grow?They go between spores and hyphal growth. Spore to hyphae requires germination.
  16. 16What is a germ tube?The first hyphae to emerge from a spore. Some spores have a predefined point for germination which is known as the GERM PORE. Some well before germ tube emerges. Environmental stimuli needed to initiate this.
  17. 17What is a hyphae?Long filaments of cells joint end to end. It has rigid tubes containing cytoplasm. There are inerconnected compartments, not individual cells.
  18. 18What is the type of growth of hyphae?Apical growth (growth from the tip). There will also be branching.
  19. 19What is the spitzenkorperIt directs the growth of hyphae at the tip. It is a cluster of vesicles held in place by the actin cytoskeleton. Contains chitosomes and all components required to make cell wall.
  20. 20Fungal tropisms?They move towards or away from nutrients, amino acids, volatile metabolites, sex pheremones and light
  21. 21What are the four different types of hyphae?There is
    Septate or coenocytic
    and
    vegetative or arial
  22. 22Difference between septate and coenocytic hyphae?Septate are joint cells that have distinct separations called septa. They contain pores.
    Coenocytic hyphae have hyphae that consists of fused cells. They are multinucleated. No septa whatsoever.
  23. 23Function of the septa?Structural support, allow movement of small molecules between cells, damage protection.
    They are made of similar things to the cell wall.
  24. 24Difference between hyphae and aerial?Vegetative grow along the surface and obtain nutrients. Aerial hyphae stick up from the mycelium and has spores for reproduction
  25. 25What are yeasts?Non-filamentous, unicellular, oval shaped fungi. They are facultative anaerobes. They ferment carbohydrates into alcohol and carbon in absence of oxygen.
  26. 26What are the two types of yeast?Budding and fission
  27. 27Budding yeast?Divide by producing outgrowth called a bud. Bud enlarges and separates from mother cell with a SEPTIN ring. Separation before daughter cell is fully growth.
  28. 28Fission yeast?Division by elongation of mother cell and mitosis. Daughter cells separate by formation of sepata in the centre which is an ACTIN ring
  29. 29What can stain the DNA of budding yast?DAPI
  30. 30Fungal dimorphism?Go between being yeast like and hyphal. Some fungal pathogens show this dimorphism. Hyphal pathogen, non pathogenetic yeast.
  31. 31What can trigger dimorphism?Environmental factors, for example, in Histoplasma capsulatum it's filamentous at 25 degrees C and yeast at 37 degrees C. Candida albicans is yeast in a mucosa and filamentous when it is an invasive pathogen.
  32. 32Is Cryptococcus dimorphic?Recent study has found Cryptococcus in two different forms in mouse lung lavage. Found as yeast and titan cells. Induced by nutrient deprivation and serum components. Titan cell is the stress response.

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Introduction to Microbiology Flashcards on Fungi, created by Emma Lloyd on 20/05/2018.
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Emma Lloyd
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