Flashcards
coding, capacity and duration of memory
Cards in this deck (8)
- 1Definitions: coding capacity durationcoding - format in which information is stored in the memory stores
capacity - the amount of information that can be held in a memory store
duration - the length of time information can be held in memory - 2Definitions Short term memory (STM) Long term memory (LTM)STM - the limited capacity memory store, acoustic coding, capacity is 5-9 items on average and 18-30 seconds duration
LTM - permanent memory store, semantic coding (meaning), unlimited capacity and duration is up to a life time - 3Research on coding Study 1 - Alan Baddeley 1966 Procedure + findings + evaluation- acoustically similar words (cat,cab) or dissimilar (pit,few)
semantically similar words (large,big) or dissimilar (good,hot)
- immediate recall worse with acoustically similar words STM -> acoustic
recall after 20 mins worse with semantically similar words LTM -> semantic
- Limited application as meaningful information can be processed in different ways, cannot be generalised - 4Research on capacity STM Study 2 - Jacobs 1887 procedure + findings + evaluationdigit span - researcher reads four digits and increases until participant cannot recall order correctly
- average 9.3 numbers and 7.3 letters
- lacked control of extraneous variables, confounding variables that were not controlled, results have been confirmed in other research supporting validity - 5Research on capacity STM study 3 - George Miller 1956 procedure + findings + evaluation- observations everyday practice e,g things come in sevens
- span of stm is 7 +- 2 (can be increased by chunking - grouping sets of digits into meaningful units
- may have overestimated capacity of stm (cowan 2001, 4 chunks) - 6Research on duration STM study 4: Peterson and Peterson 1959 procedure + findings + evaluation- students were given a trigram to remember eg (YCG) and a 3 digit number to count backwards
- students recalled after 80% after 3 seconds after 18 seconds about 3% > stm without rehearsal about 18-30 seconds
- lacks external validity due to it not reflecting real life activities, however sometimes we remember phone numbers which are also irrelevant - 7Research on duration LTM study 5 Bahrick et al 1975 procedure + findings + evaluation- recognition test: 50 photos from participants high school yearbook , free recall names
- 48 years after graduation recognised 70%
& free recall names was less accurate
- real life meaningful memories were studied therefore high external validity however, confounding variables not controlled due to participants could have looked at their yearbook photos and rehearsed their memories over the years - 8—
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- A level Psychology (Memory ) Flashcards on coding, capacity and duration of memory , created by jane tony on 30/05/2018.
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