Flashcards
C1
Cards in this deck (87)
- 1What does a network segmentation do?The breaking up of one large network into smaller networks
- 2What can cause LAN traffic congestion?-Too many hosts in a collision or broadcast domain
-Broadcast storms
-Too much multicast traffic
-Low bandwidth
Adding hubs fr connectivity to the network
-Bunch of ARP broadcasts - 3Hubs don't segment a network they just ?connect network segments
- 4What are routers used to break up?Broadcast domains
- 5Routers don't have to listen to what by default?Broadcasts from devices
- 6Advantages of using routers in your network?1. Don't forward broadcasts by default
2. Can filter the network based on layer three, network layer information such as IP address. - 7Layer 2 switches only ?forward or filter frames
- 8Routers are layer? and they do what?layer 3 switches and they use logical addressing and provide a capacity called "Packet Switching"
- 9What do you have when a router connects to two or more networks, and use logical addressing?An Internetwork
- 10Routers can provide packet filtering via what?Access lists
- 11What is a routing table and what does it do?-Routing table is a map of the internetwork and decides the best path for getting data to its destination, and forwarding packets to remote networks.
- 12Where and why do we use Layer 2 switches?Used to optimize performance, provide more bandwidth for LAN users. They don't forward packets like routers instead they only switch frames from one port to another within the switched network.
- 13We don't use switches to create internetworks because they don't ?Breakup broadcast domains by default
- 14What is a collision domain? and what happens if two devices transmit at the same time?Where a device sends a packet out on a network segment and every other device is forced to pay attention no matter what.
If another device transmits at the same time then a collision occurs and requires both to re-transmit. - 15Each port on a switch represents it own?Collsion domain
- 16Switches can create separate collision domains within ?a single broadcast domain
- 17Routers provide a separate broadcast domain for?each interface (i.e. Fa0/1)
- 18Bridging is simply a switch it breaks up?Collision domains
- 19Keep your __________ domains small today's networkBroadcast
- 20What are the seven layers of the OSI Model?7. Application
6. Presentation
5. Session
4. Transport
3. Network
2. Data Link
1. Physical - 21Lower layers define how data is ?transferred across physical media
- 22Lower layers also define how to rebuild a data stream from ?A transmitting host to a destinations host application
- 23What devices operate at all seven layers of the OSI Model?1. Network management systems
2. Web + application servers
3. Gateways (not default gateways)
4. Servers
5. Network hosts - 24Application layer works as the ________ between actual application programs. Meaning they only _______ with the application layer protocols.Interface
- 25The presentation layer presents data to the?Application layer
- 26Presentation layer is responsible for ________ and ________?Data translation and code formatting
- 27The presentation layer ensures ____is______ from one application layer to another systems application layerdata - transferred
- 28Which layer does data compression/decompression and encryption and decryption reside on?Presentation layer
- 29What layer sets up, manages and dismantles sessions between presentation layer entities?Session Layer
- 30The session layer keeps _____ data separateUser
- 31On the session layer, ______control happens between devicesDialog
- 32What is one way communication?Simplex
- 33What is two way communication but one way at a time?Half Dulpex
- 34What is two way communication that can transmit and receive at the same time?Full Duplex
- 35Which layer segments and reassembles data into a single data stream?Transport Layer
- 36Transport layers protocols provide ___ to ____ data transport services and can establish a ______ connection between the sending host and the destination host on the internetworkEnd to End
Logical - 37TCP is a ______ connection + UDP is _____Reliable - Not
- 38Transport layer has mechanisms for multiplexing upper layer application, establishing sessions and tearing down ______ circuitsVirtual
- 39Transport layer uses Reliable networking that requires ?Acknowledgements, sequencing + flow control
- 40Transport layer can be Connection or ___________ orientatedConnectionless
- 41For a reliable connection to occur a device must first transmit to establish a _________-________ communication session with a remote device.Connection-oriented
- 42Once a connection oriented is established the peer system is known as aCall setup or three way handshake
- 43Once a handshake is complete the ____ - _________ occurs and when its finished a call _____________ takes place to tear down virtual circuitsData-transfer
Termination - 44Overview of a Connection oriented session (three way handshake) 1."______-________" segment is a request for synchronization. 2.The next Segments ___________ the request + establish connection parameters. 3. Final segment is an __________ which notifies the destination host + connection agreement has been accepted + communication has been established so _______-_______ can begin1. "Connection agreement"
2. Acknowledge (ACK)
3. Acknowledgement
3.1. data-transfer - 45What is the place called where large amounts of data gram's are stored? and what is it called?Memory and its called a Buffer
- 46What is "FAIL SAFE" FLOW CONTROL? and what does it prevent?Ensures data integrity at transport layer allowing reliable data transport.
Prevents overflowing of the buffer in the receiving host. - 47Flow control reliable data transport ensures three things will be followed?1. Segments are Acknowledged
2. Segments not Ack will be re-transmitted
3. Data flow is maintained to avoid congestion, overloading, data loss. - 48Transport layer can send a "____-______" to the sender or source of flood.Not-ready
- 49After a peer receiver has processed segments it sends out a "_______" indicator for more segments to flow in again."Ready"
- 50A Service is considered connection oriented if it has these characteristics?1. A virtual circuit
2. Uses sequencing
3. Uses acknowledgements
4.Uses flow control - 51The three types of flow control are ?Buffering, windowing + congestion avoidance
- 52What is Windowing?Its the quantity of data segments, measured in bytes that the transmitting machine is allowed to send without receiving an acknowledgement
- 53IF the receiving host fails to receive all the bytes that it should ACK then the host can improve the communication session by _________ the window sizeDecreasing
- 54—Transmitting segments with flow control
- 55—Windowing
If you've configured a window size of 1, the sending machine waits for an ACK
for each data segment it transmits before transmitting another one but will allow 3 to be transmitted before receiving an acknowledgement if the window size is set to 3
- 56An __________ is reliable data delivery and ensures the integrity of a data stream sent from one host to another through a fully functional _____ _____.Acknowledgement
Data link - 57Acknowledgement guarantees data won't be _________ or ____ .duplicated or lost
- 58Acknowledgement is the technique that requires a host to communicate with the transmitting source by sending an __________ back to the sender when it receives data.Acknowledgement
- 59The sender _________ each _________ which is measured in ______ then sends and waits for this ACK before sending the next segement.Documents each segment
bytes - 60When a segment is sent the transmitting host will start a _______ and re-transmit if it _________ before it receives and ACK back from the receiving end.Timer
expires - 61The transport layer works in tandem with the _________ layer, which separates data from different applications, an activity known as __________ __________.Session
Session multiplexing - 62—Transport layer reliable delivery
- 63The Network layer, or layer 3, manages device ______ , tracks the________ of devices on the network, and determines the best way to move _____Addressing
Location
Data - 64when a 1._________ is received on a router interface, the destination IP address is checked. If the packet isn't destined for that particular router, it will look up the destination network address in the 2.____. Once the router chooses an 3.___ _____, the packet will be sent to that interface to be 4.________ and sent out on the local network. If the router can’t find an entry for the packet’s destination network in the routing table, the router 5._______ the packet.1. Packet
2. routing table
3.exit interface
4. Framed
5. Drops - 65These packets are used to update neighboring routers about the networks connected to all routers within the internetwork, what are they?Route update packets
- 66Route update packets are used to help build and maintain ________ ________Routing tables
- 67_______ is the distance to the remote network.Metric
- 68Routers can provide layer 2 bridging functions if needed and can simultaneously route through the same ________.Interface
- 69Routers—provide connections between _________.VLAN'S
- 70The _________ layer provides for the physical transmission of data and handles error notification, network topology, and flow control.Data Link
- 71Data Link layer will ensure that messages are delivered to the proper device on a LAN using _______ _______ and will translate messages from the Network layer into bits for the _________ layer to transmithardware addresses (MAC)
Physical - 72The Data Link layer formats the message, each called a _______ _______, and adds a customized header containing the _________ destination and source address.data frame
hardware - 73It's the Data Link layer that’s responsible for the actual _______ _______ of each device that resides on a local network.unique identification
- 74The packet itself is never altered along the route, it’s only _________ with the type of control information required for it to be properly passed on to the different media typesEncapsulated
- 75Each time a ________ is sent between routers, it’s _______ with control information at the ____ ____ layer, but that information is stripped off at the receiving router and only the original packet is left completely intact.Packet
Framed
Data Link - 76MAC: What’s a logical topology? It’s the signal path through a physical topology. Line discipline, error notification (but not ________), the ordered delivery of frames, and optional flow control can also be used at this sublayer.Correction
- 77What does MAC stand for?Media Access Control
- 78What does LLC stand for and which layer is it on?Logical Link control and it resides on the Data Link Layer
- 79LLC is Responsible for identifying _________ layer protocols and then ___________ themNetwork
encapsulating - 80An LLC header tells the Data Link layer what to do with a packet once a _____ is received. A host receives a frame and looks in the LLC header to find out where the packet is ________, i.e. the IP protocol at the Network layer.Frame
Destined - 81As data is encoded with control information at each layer of the OSI model, the data is named with something called a ______-_______-_____ .Protocol Data Unit (PDU)
- 82At the Transport layer the PDU is called a _______, Network layer is ______ , Data Link is _______, and Physical layer is______.Segment
Packet
Frame
Bits - 83Bridges and switches read each _______ as it passes through the network.frame
- 84The layer 2 device puts the source ________ address in a filter table and keeps track of which port the frame was received on.hardware
- 85—Bob is sending packets directly to the default gateway router and sally doesn't see John's frames traffic, because she's in a different collision domain.
- 86Routing tables that “map” the internetwork are for routers, as filter tables that “map” individual devices are for switches and bridges.After a filter table is built on the layer 2 device, it will forward frames only to the segment where the destination hardware address is located. If the destination device is on the same segment as the frame, the layer 2 device will block the frame from going to any other segments. If the destination is on a different segment, the frame can be transmitted only to that segment. This is called _________ __________.transparent bridging
- 87The Physical layer does two things: it sends_____and receives ______bits bits
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- Flashcards on C1, created by shepworth.sh on 17/10/2014.
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