Flashcards
Psycho chap12
Cards in this deck (37)
- 1What is recall?+ex-involves retrieving previously learned info without the aid or with very few external cues
ex: fill in the blank questions - 2What is recognition?+ex-involves identifying previously learned info with the help of more external cues
ex: mc questions, matching - 3Why ppl can be wrong during eyewitness testimony?can be affected by suggestions, misleading questions and false info
- 4What is the Network theory of memory organizing?we store related ideas in separate categories or files called nodes, as we make associations among info we create links among thousands of nodes which make up a gigantic interconnected network of files for storing and retrieving info
- 5What are nodes?memory files that contain related info organized around a specific topic or category
- 6Who's the psychologist who was trying to remember the name of a store?Donald Norman
- 7What is a network hierarchy?+ex-arrangement of nodes in a particular order or hierarchy
animal---bird and fish----blue jay/rooster and shark/guppy - 8What does each level in a network hierarchy contain?-top: abstract, applies to all
-middle: more specific, applies to the 2 categories
-bottom: nodes with very concrete info - 9Give ex of defense mechanisms-repression
-denial
-humor
-projection
-displacement - 10What is a forgetting curve?measures the amount of previously learned info that subjects can recall or recognize across time
- 11Describe the 2 types of forgetting curves-unfamiliar/uninteresting info: gets forgotten really fast
-familiar/interesting: gets less forgotten, remember better with recognition tests than recall - 12Why babies cannot remember?-cannot verbally encode early personal memories and cannot recall them when they develop language skills
-haven't developed a complete memory circuit which occurs after age 2 and necessary for encoding and retrieving - 13Who used himself as a subject for the unfamiliar/uninteresting info and what did he do?-Hermann Ebbinghaus
-tried to remember nonsense syllables and failed - 14What is forgetting?inability to retrieve, recall or recognize stored info in LTM
- 15What are the reasons for forgetting?-repression
-poor encoding/poor retrieval cues
-interference
-amnesia
-distortion - 16What is repression?mental process that automatically hides threatening info in unconscious, they may enter consciousness later bc of something
- 17What are retrieval cues?mental reminders created by forming mental images of info or associating new info with info you already know
- 18What is poor encoding/poor retrieval cues?-could form retrieval cues with elaborative reh and if have poor cues you'll retrieve poorly and won't remember well
-if you encode badly it's because miss out info or are not 100% focused - 19What is interference?+ex-recall of some particular memory is blocked or prevented by other related memories
ex: more than 1 test in 1 day - 20What is proactive interference?+ex-old info (learned earlier) blocks remembering of new info (learned later)
ex: study psych then socio, take socio exam and forget some terms bc of psych - 21What is retroactive interference?+ex-new info (learned later) blocks remembering of old info (learned earlier)
ex: study psych then socio, take psych exam and have difficulty bc of socio terms - 22Why ppl have difficulty identifying muggers?previously learned faces may interfere and faces seen after may also interfere
- 23What are the 2 kinds of amnesia+describe-anterograde: trauma and don't remember things after accident, LTM is intact, remember everything before
-retrograde: LTM is lost, don't remember anything before the accident - 24What is distortion?bias (only remember good things) or suggestibility (therapists) may distort info
- 25What are the 2 types of dependent learning+describe-state-dependent: easier to recall info when are in the same physiological or emotional state of setting as when we originally encoded the info
-context-dependent: easier to recall info when are in the same environment as when we originally encoded - 26What does the amygdala and hippocampus do with memories?-amygdala: emotional memories, with damage memories lose their emotional impacts
-hippocampus: transfers memories from STM to LTM, important for declarative memories - 27What part of the brain is used for STM and LTM?cortex
- 28What are neural assemblies?-groups of interconnected neurons whose activation allows info or stimuli to be recognized and held briefly and temporarily in STM
-they try to help to let you remember - 29What is LTP?-long-term potentiation
-changes in the structure of neurons after they have been repeatedly stimulated
-involved in creation of long-term memories - 30Give an ex of LTP-trying to remember toucan, repeat it and some neurons grow and change to form new connections with other neurons
-function and structure of neuron A is changed so it becomes associated with the name
-to recall toucan you activate neuron A which activates its newly formed connection with neuron B and this combined neural activation forms the basis for the long-term memory of the name toucan - 31What are mnemonic methods?ways to improve encoding and create better retrieval cues by forming vivid associations or images which improve recall
- 32What are the 2 common mnemonics?+describe-method of loci: creates visual associations b/t already memorized places and new items to memorize
ex: visualize places in kitchen with psychologists
-peg method: creates associations b/t number-word rhymes and items to be memorized
1 is abun
2 is a shoe
3 is a tree
4 is a door
5 is a bee hive - 33What is eyewitness testimony?recalling or recognizing a suspect observed during a potentially very disrupting and distracting emotional situation that may have interfered with accurate remembering
- 34What is the own-race bias?-problems in correctly identifying ppl of other races
-better recognize faces of their own race - 35What is cognitive interview?to increase recall and avoid making suggestions have the witnesses imagine and reconstruct the details of an event without holding back and narrate the event from dif view points
- 36What is the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon?having a strong feeling that a particular word can be recalled but despite making a great effort we are temporarily unable to recall this info
- 37What is source misattribution?memory error that results when a person has difficulty deciding which of two or more sources a memory came from: was it saw/imagined or was it a suggestion?
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- - Psychology Flashcards on Psycho chap12, created by Veronika Sotnikova on 30/11/2018.
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- Veronika Sotnikova
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