Flashcards
Trachea, Bronchial Tree & Lungs
Cards in this deck (27)
- 1What is the length & diameter of the trachea?10-11cm long with an average external diameter of 2.5cm
- 2At what level does the trachea start & end?C6 to T4/5 IV disc
- 3What is the function of the trachealis muscle?To alter the diameter of the trachea
- 4What nerve lies in the groove between the oesophagus & trachea?Left recurrent laryngeal n.
- 5What are the relations of the trachea in the cervical region?Sternohyoid & sternothyroid muscles
Carotid sheath
Isthmus of thyroid gland
Inferior thyroid vessels
Brachiocephalic trunk
Jugular venous arch
Recurrent laryngeal n. - 6How does the epithelium and structure of the bronchial trees change as they branch into the lungs?In the bronchi there is pseudostratified columnar epitherlium
In the bronchioles there is simple cuboidal epithelium - 7Describe the arterial supply of the tracheaInferior thyroid a.
Bronchial arteries
Tracheal branches of the aorta
Mediastinal branches of the internal thoracic a. - 8DInferior thyroid v.
Bronchial veins - 9Into what lymph nodes does the trachea drain?Pretracheal & Paratracheal lymph nodes
- 10What is the parasympathetic & sympathetic supply of the trachea?Parasympathetic = Vagus n.
Sympathetic = Sympathetic trunks - 11Describe the division of the bronchial treeMain bronchi to lobar bronchi to segmental bronchi to terminal bronchioles to respiratory bronchioles to pulmonary alveoli
- 12What are the 3 surfaces of the lungs?Costal
Diaphragmatic
Mediastinal - 13What are the 3 margins of the lungs?Anterior
Posterior
Inferior - 14Describe the difference in the shape of the two lungsThe left lung has a cardiac notch
The right lung is shorter & wider - 15How many lobes does each of the lungs have & what divides them?Right lung - 3 lobes divided by an oblique & horizontal fissure
Left lung - 2 lobes & a lingula divided by an oblique fissure - 16What structures pass through the hilum of the lung?Pulmonary a.
2 pulmonary v.
Main bronchus
Bronchial vessels
Lymphatics
Nerves - 17Describe the relationship of the structures in the hilumBronchus is the most posterior structure
Pulmonary artery usually lies antero-superior to the bronchus
Superior pulmonary vein is usually the most anterior structure, while the inferior pulmonary vein is the most inferior structure. - 18What are broncho-pulmonary segments?The smallest functionally & structurally independent units of the lungs with their own branch of the pulmonary a., nerves & segmental bronchus
- 19What passes into the intersegmental septum of broncho-pulmonary segments?Tributaries of the pulmonary v.
- 20How many broncho-pulmonary segments do we have in each lung?10 in each lung
Right - 3 in the upper lobe (apical, anterior & posterior), 2 in the middle lobe (medial & lateral) & 5 in the lower lobe (apical, anterior, posterior, lateral & medial)
Left - 3 in the upper lobe, 2 in the lingula (superior & inferior) & 5 in the lower lobe - 21What do type 1 & type 2 alveolar cells do?Type 1 - permit diffusion
Type 2 - produce surfactant - 22Describe the arterial supply of the lungsBronchial arteries
- 1 on the right from the 3rd posterior intercostal a. or superior posterior intercostal a.
- 2 on the left from the aorta
These anatomose with pulmonary arteries on the walls of the bronchioles - 23Describe the venous drainage of the lungsBronchial veins drain to the azygos system
or drained by pulmonary veins - 24Describe the lymph drainage of the lungsPulmonary nodes drain to broncho-pulmonary nodes which drain to the superior or inferior tracheobronchial nodes to the paratracheal nodes then to the left or right broncho-mediastinal trunk & finally to the thoracic duct or right lymphatic duct
- 25Describe the parasympathetic innervation of the lungsParasympathetic fibres from the vagus nerve synapse in the pulmonary plexus
- 26Describe the sympathetic innervation of the lungsSympathetic fibres from the sympathetic trunk synapse in the sympathetic ganglia
- 27What are the functions of the post-ganglionic fibres?Parasympathetic - broncho-constriction, vasodilation & secretomotor
Sympathetic - broncho-dilation & vasoconstriction
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- MD3001 (Respiratory System) Flashcards on Trachea, Bronchial Tree & Lungs, created by Lareyna Mcmenemy on 02/12/2018.
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- Lareyna Mcmenemy
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