Flashcards
memory topic 5- types of long term memory
Cards in this deck (21)
- 1What are the three types long term memory can be divided into- episodic LTM (memory for events)
-semantic LTM (memory for concepts)
-procedural LTM (memory for skills) - 2who was episodic memory first suggested byTulving 1972- this is the memory that gives people a record of events in there lives e.g birthdays/ first day at school
- 3what 2 things is the strength of episodic memory influenced by-the emotions present at the time a memory is encoded e.g traumatic events are often well recalled due to there high emotional content
-by the degree of processing at encoding, with highly processed episodic events recalled more easily - 4which part of the brain is associated with encoding of episodic memories-the prefrontal cortex
- 5which part of the brain is associated with consolidation (strengthening) and storage of memories-neocortex (thinking part of the brain)
- 6where are the memories of different parts of an event locatedin different visual, auditory, olfactory areas of the brain but are connected together in the hippo campus to create a memory of an episode rather than remaining a collection of separate memories
- 7what did Herlitz et al (1977) asseshe assessed the LTM abilities in 1,000 Swedish participants finding that females consistently preformed better than males on tasks requiring episodic LTM, although there were no difference in semantic LTM ability.
- 8what did Herlitz think his findings suggestedthat there are gender differences in episodic memory ability, which may be explained in part by females generally having a higher verbal ability (perhaps females can describe these events more clearly because of their language skills)
- 9what other reason could be used to show why females consistency preformed betterepisodic memories tend to have emotional feelings attached to them so it might, if females are more aware of emotions, that episodic memories are more meaningful for them than for males
- 10what is semantic memorysemantic LTM is a type of memory that deals with knowledge ( facts, concepts, meanings)
- 11what is the strength of semantic memorieslike episodic memories, it is positively with the degree of processing during encoding , though in general, semantic memories seem to be better remembered over time than episodic ones. As new knowledge tends to come from experiences so therefore episodic memory is the basis of semantic memory
- 12what is the disagreement over which brain areas are involved in semantic LTMsome evidence suggests the involvement of the hippo campus, while others believe there is usage of several brain areas
- 13what parts of the brain is semantic LTM mainly associated withthe frontal and temporal lobes
- 14what did Vicari et al (2007) reporthe reported the case study of CL an 8 year old girl who suffered brain damage due to the removal of a tumour- she showed deficiencies in her episodic LTM functions especially in creating new episodic memories, but was still able to create and recall semantic memories
- 15what does his report suggestthis suggests that episodic and semantic memory are separate systems using different brain areas ,with the hippo campus associated with episodic memory and the perirhinal cortex with semantic LTM
- 16what is procedural LTMit is a type of memory that allows people to carry out tasks without conscious thought (e.g walking, tying shoelaces, riding a bicycle)
- 17why is procedural LTM easy to do but difficult to explain in wordsmany procedural LTMs occur in early life, involving the learning of important motor skills. As procedural memory doesn't require concussions thought, it permits people to simultaneously preform other cognitive tasks that do require conscious attention
- 18what parts of the brain is procedural LTM associated withthe motor cortex, cerebellum and prefrontal cortex and unlike other forms of LTM doesn't need the hippo campus to function
- 19What did Finke et al (2012) reporthe reported the case of PM a 68 year old professional cellist who suffered damage to various brain areas after contracting encephalitis resulting in severe amnesia. His episodic and semantic LTM were badly affected but although he could not remember musical facts (e.g names of famous composers) his ability to read and play music was unaffected, including the learning of new complex pieces
- 20what did Van gorpnet al (1999) researchcompared 37 heavy cocaine users with 27 non-users on memory ability users on a 45 day period after not taking the drug.The interesting finding wad that the former cocaine users showed a faster increase in procedural memory ability than non- users. An abstinence from cocaine causes dopamine production to increase suggesting dopamine plays a part in procedural LTM
- 21what is one problem in deciding which brain areas are involve in procedural memoryit is that there is a lack of research- what is needed is case studies of people with brain damage that affects procedural memory but not semantic and episodic memory. However such cases are rare
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- A level Psychology Flashcards on memory topic 5- types of long term memory , created by Ella Stokes on 03/01/2019.
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- Ella Stokes
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