Flashcards
What is cognitive development? - Background - Cognitive Development and Education
Cards in this deck (34)
- 14 areas of development:- biological
- learning
- psychodynamic
- cognitive - 2Main beliefs of Piaget:- humans adapt to their environment
- adapt in stages
- adaption happens for each concept we are faced with - 3What are Piaget's 5 stages of adaptation to new information?- Assimilation
- Equilibrium
- New Experience
- Disequilibrium
- Accommodation - 4What is assimilation?gaining knowledge from experience
- 5What is equilibrium?happy with the knowledge and there is no inner conflict
- 6What is disequilibrium?- conflicts with what we know after experiencing a new experience
- 7What is accommodation?- changes in our mindset as a result of the disequilibrium
- then goes back to assimilation - 8What are the 4 stages of life according to Piaget?- sensorimotor
- pre-operational
- concrete operational
- formal operational - 9Sensorimotor stage:- 0-2 years
- sensory and egocentric
- object permanence (if object is not in their vision it does not exist) - 10Pre-operational stage:- 3-6 years
- egocentric and issues with classification (can classify apples by size but not colour)
- conservation (things stay the same even if appearance changes) - 11Concrete operational stage:- 7-11 years
- understand if seen with eyes
- conserving number at 7
- conserving mass at 8
- conserving volume at 11 - 12Formal operational stage:- 11-adult
- visualising - 13When was Piaget working?1950s and 1960s
- 14What do some psychologists say about Piaget's work?- he oversimplified
- his work had low ecological validity - 15What did Margaret Donaldson disagree with Piaget about?- she believed children are good at conserving, it was the situation that confused them
- children assumed they were wrong so changed their answers - 16What was Donaldson's Naughty Teddy Experiment?- similar to Piaget's number task
- naughty teddy came along to mix up the counters then put them back in a different way - 17Results from Donaldson's research:- when done Piaget's way 62% of children got the answer wrong
- when done in her way, 16% of children got the answer wrong - 18What did Donaldson agree with Piaget about?- agreed on the stages of development
- disagreed on the ages of those stages - 19Where did Vygotsky think cognitive development came from?- arise out of social interactions in a guided learning environment
- 20What did Vygotsky develop?- zone of proximal development (ZPD)
- 21What is scaffolding?- putting in support, then gradually taking it away as your develop
- developed by Vygotsky - 22What is the Zone of Proximal Development?- what you are capable of learning with the help of a more knowledgeable other
- still within your current capabilities but more than what you know now - 23What did Bruner think about Vygotsky's theory?- agreed that we can learn concepts
- we cannot learn anything like Vygotsky said (we learn in stages) - 24What are the 3 stages Bruner suggested?- enactive
- iconic
- symbolic - 25What is the enactive stage according to Bruner?- 0-1 years
- learn by objects
- picture books
- driving a car - 26What is the iconic stage according to Bruner?- 1-6 years
- icons
- letters
- signs - 27What is the symbolic stage according to Bruner?- 7 years +
- words coming together
- reading
- interpreting words and symbols - 28What does Bruner believe about the way in which we learn?- the way in which we learn is determined by how much input we put into each stage
- e.g. lots of input in enactive stage will results in kinaesthetic learners - 29What did William Perry (1970) propose?- college students pass through a predictable sequence of stages
- stage theory from dualist to relativist thinking (9 stages) - 30Perry (1970) - Dualism 1 and 2- received knowledge
- repeating
- memorising
- summarising - 31Perry (1970) - Multiplicity 3 and 4- subjective knowledge
- examining
- investigating
- simulating - 32Perry (1970) - Relativism 5 and 6- procedural knowledge
- interpreting
- predicting
- differentiating - 33Perry (1970) - Commitment 7, 8 and 9- constructed knowledge
- incorporating
- judging
- assessing
- criticising - 34Key psychologists to know for background:- Piaget
- Donaldson
- Vygotsky
- Bruner
- Perry
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- A level Psychology (Applied - Cognitive Development and Education ) Flashcards on What is cognitive development? - Background - Cognitive Development and Education, created by Katie Crowfoot on 03/01/2019.
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- Katie Crowfoot
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