GoConqr has a new look! Let us know what you think.

Sign up free

Flashcards

attachment topic 6-maternal deprivation

Ella Stokes Psychology A level English 42 cards

Cards in this deck (42)

  1. 1what is deprivationnegative effects of separation
  2. 2what is disruptiondisruption refers to the interruption of the bond between caregiver and child. This can involve separation or deprivation.
  3. 3what is separationSeparation is where the child has been parted from the main caregiver but the child might have substitute care in which case there may be no negative effects. Where this is not available or if the separation is prolonged negative effects may occur, this then becomes deprivation
  4. 4what did bowlby originally suggestBowlby Had originally suggested that if children cannot form a bond with their mother then they will be unable to establish meaningful relationships with others later in life. Breaking the maternal Bond may also result in later psychological problems to the child. His ideas are based on his own studies as well as others carried out in orphanages and institutes
  5. 5what did the maternal deprivation hypothesis stateThe maternal deprivation hypothesis stated the belief that if an infant was unable to develop a warm ,intimate and conscious relationship with it's mother then the child would have difficulty forming relationships with other people and it would be at risk of behaviour disorders
  6. 6how many important parts are there of bowlbys depredation hypothesis3
  7. 7name one of the important partsThere should be a continuous relationship between the child and it's Mother/substitute mother so if there were any periods of time where the Mother and Child was separated the relationship would possibly become unstable and therefore disrupted
  8. 8name one of the important partsBowlby also suggested this continuous relationship must develop during a sensitive period ( Birth to 2 years) otherwise he suggested that the child may become emotionally disturbed
  9. 9name one of the important partsBowlby did not suggest that the relationship had to be with the child's mother but at least with a mother substitute
  10. 10what was the aims of Bowlbys (1946) long term effects of deprivation experimentBowlby had originally suggested that the breaking of the maternal Bond result in later psychological problems for the child. He explored this possibility by means of his own research with young people in a child guidance clinic
  11. 11what was the procedure of Bowlbys (1946) long term effects of deprivation experimentHe focused on 44 juvenile delinquents who have been referred to the clinic because they had been stealing and compared these to another group 44 and mostly disturbed juveniles who have not committed any crimes. He interviewed the individuals and their families and was able to build up a report of their earlier off experiences
  12. 12what were the findings of Bowlbys (1946) long term effects of deprivation experimentMore than half of the juvenile thieves have been separated from their mothers for longer than 6 months during the first 5 years. In the control group Only 2 had had such separation
    Several of the Thieves (32%) showed affectionless psychopathy( they were not able to care about or feel affection for others )
    86% of those thieves considered to be a affectionless Psychopathy have been separated from their mothers before the age of 5 , but only 17% of the Thieves not classed as affectionless Psychopaths had experienced early prolonged separation
    Only 4% of the control group experienced early frequent separation
  13. 13what was the conclusion of Bowlbys (1946) long term effects of deprivation experimentit was concluded that early maternal separation was linked to later maladjustment
  14. 14name 1 strength of Bowlbys (1946) long term effects of deprivation experimentinterviews- in depth information about young person/ circumstances
  15. 15name 1 weakness of Bowlbys (1946) long term effects of deprivation experimentinfo relied on participant memory (historic accuracy)
    spoke to young people and family (bias)
    bowlby diagnosed problems himself (bias)
  16. 16name 1 weakness of Bowlbys (1946) long term effects of deprivation experimentthe reason for separation is important not just the separation itself
  17. 17what was the aim of rutters (1976) researchdo the effects of deprivation depend upon the reasons for separation ?
  18. 18what was the procedure of rutters experimentRouter examines 2000 boys between 9 to 12 years of age living on the Isle of Wight and in London. He was particularly interested in whether the boys showed signs of delinquency (anti-social behaviour) and he tried to correlate this with possible reasons why
  19. 19what were the findings of rutters experimentIf a child has been separated for physical reasons (illness or death of the mother )then there was no relationship between separation and delinquency
    If the child had been separated for psychological reasons( psychological disorders in the parents or family problems)then the boys were 4 times more likely to become delinquent or antisocial
  20. 20what was the conclusion of the rutter experimentit was not separation itself that causes the effects( i.e anti-social behaviour) but the reasons for separation
  21. 21name a weakness of the rutter experimentcant be generalised to females
    info relied on participants memory (historic accuracy)
    spoke to young person/ family (bias)
    study was a correlation (no cause& effect )
  22. 22name a strength of the rutter experimentuse large sample size- more reliable
    interviews in-depth info about young person/circumstances
  23. 23name a weakness of deprivationseparation does not always lead to maladjustment (bowlby 1956)
    he studied children who went into hospital for long periods and nurses did not provide substitute mothering but there families visited weekly - children showed not been effected so separation does not always lead to maladjustment
  24. 24name a weakness of deprivationbias-bowlby diagnosed stuff himself
  25. 25what kind of children does maternal deprivation most effectchildren raised in institutions
  26. 26what were the aims of the hodges and tizard study (1989)this was to explore whether not forming a relationship with an adult (privation) would have negative effects
  27. 27what was the procedure of the hodges and tizard study (1989)65 children was studied have been taken into institutional care for the age of 4 months. Staff were well-trained and the children had attention and resources .However attachment to children was disencourage and there was high staff turnover
  28. 28what were the findings of the hodges and tizard study (1989)By 4 the children were either adopted return to their families or remained in institution
    At 8 the adopted children and some of those with their own families had developed good relationships
    However at school some children from both groups tended to be attention seeking and disobedient
    At 16 the picture was repeated with the children being less likely to have special friends
  29. 29why do you think some of these children had difficulty with forming relationships outside of their own familyLack of an early Bond may have prevented the development of the internal mental model so these children lack the awareness of how to relate to others
  30. 30name a weakness of the hodges and tizard studyThe samples used in institutional studies were small and this might generalising a findings to other children difficult
  31. 31was the hodges and tizard study longitudinalyes
  32. 32name a strength of using a longitudinal studycontrol (participant variables)-because you are studying the same people, you are controlling participant variables allowing accurate comparison
  33. 33name a weakness of using a longitudinal studydrop out- participants may get tired and eave the study as they grow
  34. 34what further research did rutter (1998) do into institutional careIn Romania children were placed in orphanages from birth and experienced considerable deprivation .Rutter (1998) studied 111 Romanian orphans adopted in the UK for the age of 2 on arrival these children were physically undersized but by the age of 4 he had caught up with age related developmental milestones .However age at adoption was negatively correlated with attainment and developmental milestones -later adopted slower progress
  35. 35identify a strength of the rutter (1998) researchnumber of young children studied-large sample of young children adapted by age of 2 (adapted early )
  36. 36identify a weakness of the rutter (1998) researchearly experience of deprivation was not controlled-unknown factors may have affected later development
  37. 37what research did Quinton (1985) do into institutional careAn earlier study by Quinton found the reverse. The research of followed the women who had been reared in institutions( ex- institutional women). These women had it seems difficulties when they became parents- for example their children were more frequently in care and the women are less sensitive less supportive and less warm with their children than a control group of 50 non- institutionalised women who were also observed
  38. 38what could you conclude from Quinton (1985) researchHowever it may not be early privation that explains their lack of parenting abilities, it may be more Simply Be that they had inadequate models for how to parent and this made them less able to cope as mothers
  39. 39name a strength of the Quinton research compared with rutter-how this might effect the resultstudy involved use of control group-Enables comparison to be made with participants who had not been affected by early privation (results more valid and trustworthy)
  40. 40what was the method of the rutter et al (2007) researchHe followed a group of 100 Romanian orphans assessing them at 4, 6 and 11 years old .These children had spent their early years in conditions of extreme physical and emotional privation in Romania for being adopted
  41. 41what was the findings of the rutter et al (2007) researchThose children adopted by British families before the age of 6 months had show normal levels of development when compared to UK children adopted at same time. However children adopted after 6 months showed disinhibited attachment( i.e superficially accepting anyone as a caregiver) and problems with there peers
  42. 42what was the conclusion / importance of the rutter et al (2007) researchThis important study suggested that the long-term consequence of privation may not be as severe as first thought if children have opportunity to form attachments within the first 6 months

Information

Description
A level Psychology Flashcards on attachment topic 6-maternal deprivation , created by Ella Stokes on 04/01/2019.
Created by
Ella Stokes · Jan 2019
Updated
Jan 5, 2019
Views
0
Rating

More on Maternal deprivation

Feedback

What is it about?

What do you think of the new look?

How do you like it?