Flashcards
Evolutionary Psychology Lecture 1 Notes
Cards in this deck (14)
- 1What is Human Nature?The set of species-specific traits that distinguish humans from other species.
- 2What are 4 key examples of Human Nature?Aggression, Cooperation, Morality, Sexuality
- 3What is Evolution?The change in gene frequencies within a population over time. (heritable changes, in no specific direction)
- 4What are 5 examples of evidence for Evolution?1. Geological stratification of fossils
2. Transitional fossils (missing links)
3. Shared traits (homology, embryology)
4. Vestigial traits
5. Observed changes - 5What are the 4 main misconceptions about Evolution?1. Evolution is not progressive
2. Evolution does not have a purpose (is not goal directed)
3. Evolution and Natural Selection are not the same
4. Evolution is not a theory and has a large amount of evidence - 6What are the 3 Pre-Darwin Mechanisms of Evolution?1. Greeks (Aristotle especially): The great chain of being - the ladder of nature: 300BC
2. Charles Bonnet: Progressive changes aided by catastrophes (1770)
3. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck: Transmutation of species by inheritance of acquired characters - 7What was the premise behind Darwin's theory, and the name/date of his published book?On the Origin of Species, 1859.
Based on Natural (and later Sexual) selection. - 8What are the main 2 modern additions to Darwin's theory?1. Genetic Drift
2. Gene Flow - 9What is the equation for Natural Selection?All species over-reproduce + Limited resources = Competition for resources (x)
Mutations sex = Variation in individual traits (y)
x + y = Determines the variation in reproductive success (no. of offspring) - 10What does Natural Selection cause?Tjhe inheritence of traits, specifically in 'advantageous' traits in the population (such as a faster deer).
This creates a well-adapted species. - 11What is the most significant benefactor of adaptation of these options; A Species, A Hunting Group, the Biosphere, an Individual's Survival, Genes?Genes - How many genes can you pass on to the next generation?
- 12What is Inclusive Fitness and it's equation?The number of gene copies passed on to the next generation.
Direct Fitness + Indirect Fitness = Inclusive Fitness - 13What are Direct Fitness and Indirect Fitness?Direct Fitness - Through own offspring (to own offspring, half a copy of your genes passed down)
Indirect Fitness - Through relatives' offspring (to niece/nephew, quarter of a copy of your genes passed down - 14What relationship does Inclusive Fitness have with Adaptation?Adaptation (and hence Natural Selection) favours traits that maximise inclusive fitness.
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- Psychology (Evolutionary Psychology) Flashcards on Evolutionary Psychology Lecture 1 Notes, created by Aaron Thain on 20/01/2019.
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