Flashcards
Background: Development of Attachment
Cards in this deck (36)
- 1Attachment explained by the behaviourist approach- we learn our attachments
- stimulus response - 2Attachment explained by psychodynamic approach- innate drive to find attachment when we are born
- drive theory of Bowlby - 3What is the drive theory?- to satisfy natural drives children need to find attachments
- mother satisfies the sex drive by forming an attachment
- hunger and libido drive our actions - 4Who developed drive theory?Bowlby
- 5Attachment explained by biological reasoning- MRI scans show mothers respond more to their cry of their child than the cry of anyone else
- 6What are Ainsworth's 4 types of attachments?- secure
- insecure avoidant
- insecure resistant
- insecure disorganised - 7secure attachment- carer's response is sensitive and loving
- child seeks proximity to caregiver - 8insecure avoidant attachment- carer's response is insensitive, rejective
- child avoid caregiver in times of need - 9insecure resistant attachment- carer gives inconsistent and insensitive care
- child exaggerates distress and anger to the caregiver notices - 10insecure disorganised attachment- carer gives insensitive and not normal care
- child shows bizarre and contradictory behaviours - 11consequence in later life of failure to form early attachments- aggressive behaviour
- poor self esteem
- lower academic performance (especially in maths) - 12What did Bowlby discover about attachment in early life?- poor attachment in critical period led to problems in later life
- 13What are 'latch key kids'?- feminist movement in 50s and 60s meant mums would get jobs
- children would let themselves into houses
- trends of bad behaviour of these children
- blamed on attachment deprivation - 14Bowlby's attachment study: - Maternal Deprivation Theory - Drive Theory- child has innate need to attach to one attachment figure
- child should receive continuous care from this figure for the first 2 years of life - 15How long is Bowlby's critical period?2 years
- 16What did Bowlby conclude were long term consequences of maternal deprivation?- delinquency
- increased aggression
- depression
- problems forming relationships in later life - 17When was the research of Schaffner and Emerson?1960s
- 18Method of Schaffner and Emerson research?- longitudinal study
- 60 participants
- looked at infant/carer interaction between 0-18months - 19Results of Schaffner and Emerson research up to 3 monthsindiscriminate attachment
- respond equally to any caregiver - 20Results of Schaffner and Emerson research after 4 monthsspecific attachments
- child can distinguish between carers but doesn't mind who gives care - 21Results of Schaffner and Emerson research after 7 monthssingle attachment figure
- have preference over a single caregiver - 22Results of Schaffner and Emerson research after 9 monthsmultiple attachments
- more independent
- many attachments to primary carers - 23When was the research of Cockett and Tripp?1994
- 24What did Cockett and Tripp research?- effect of divorce on academic and economic success of a child
- 25Results of Cockett and Tripp's research?- children in secure, intact family environment were more economically and academically successful
- children in insecure environments had less success
- if deprivation is long term and severe had huge effects on success and behaviour - 26parenting behaviours linked to insecure disorganised attachment- withdrawal
- fearful behaviours
- role confusion
- affective communication errors
- intrusiveness/negativity - 27withdrawal behaviour- creating physical distance
- directly child away with toys
- not greeting on reunion - 28fearful behaviours- behaviours the child can fear
- haunted or high-pitched voice
- sudden mood changes - 29role confusion behaviours- pleading with child
- threatening to cry
- hushed tones
- speaking as if child were adult partner - 30affect communication errors- contradictory signals
- inviting approach then directing child away
- using positive tone to mock child - 31intrusiveness / negativity behaviours- mocking
- teasing
- withholding a toy
- pushing child away
- hushing a child - 32Bowlby's four stages of attachment- pre-attachment
- attachment in the making
- clear-cut attachment
- formation of reciprocal attachment - 33pre-attachment stage- birth - 6 weeks
- baby comfortable being left with unfamiliar person - 34attachment in the making stage- 6 weeks to 8 months
- attachment getting stronger in this stage
- infant respond differently to family members than to strangers - 35clear-cut attachment stage- 8 months to 18 months
- attachment to trusted caregivers continues to strengthen
- separation anxiety is likely in caregiver's absense - 36formation of reciprocal attachment stage- 18 months to 2 years
- children now understand a parent returns from work at certain time each day
- separation anxiety lessens
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- A level Psychology (Applied - Development of Attachment ) Flashcards on Background: Development of Attachment , created by Katie Crowfoot on 26/02/2019.
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- Katie Crowfoot
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