17240800
Description
Flashcards by Eliza Needs, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Eliza Needs
about 5 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| chromatolysis | the swelling of a neuron because of injury |
| atrophy | decrease in size of a cell (neuron) |
| neuronophagia | phagocytosis and inflammatory responses caused by dead neuron damaging neighboring cells |
| intraneuronal inclusions | distinctive structures formed in the nucleus or cytoplasm |
| sulci | fissures of the brain |
| gyri | irregular convolutions on the surface of the brain |
| gray matter | the tissue of the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, and thalamus; primarily composed of cell bodies |
| white matter | other brain structures composed primarily of myelinated axons and dendrites |
| blood-brain barrier (BBB) | This protects the brain from exposure to potentially hazardous substances by reduced permeability in the capillaries that supply the brain/ transports substances in a selective manner because of tight junctions in endothelial cells lining capillaries of the brain |
| astrogliosis | in the CNS, astrocytes respond to local tissue injury through proliferation, forming a "glial scar" |
| microglial nodules | Reactive changes seen in the microglia include extension of the nucleus. They are "rod cells" in this state; when joined together with astrocytes, microglia combine to form these: |
| paresthesia | abnormal sensation such as burning, pricking, tickling, or tingling |
| quadriplegia | paralysis of all four extremities |
| focal ischemia | inadequate perfusion to neurologic tissue; confined to a specific brain region |
| global ischemia | ischemic injury occurs when there is inadequate perfusion to neurologic tissue; includes larger areas of brain tissue |
| contralateral | opposite |
| glutamate | the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the body, active in the promotion of higher-order functions. The effects are exerted when it binds to its receptors, stimulating a cascade of signal transduction events |
| papilledema | edema of the optic disc |
| dermatomes | body regions to which spinal nerves transmit impulses |
| distal axonopathy | axonal degeneration from necrosis in response to significant injury to cell body or axon to neuron, causing inflammatory response and phagocytosis of cellular debris/ the injury will affects cells in distal areas of the body such as the hands and feet |
| neuronopathy | axonal degeneration occurs from damage to the cell body |
| mononeuropathy | nerve trauma limited to a single are; related to neuronopathy; i.e. carpal tunnel syndrome |
| polyneuropathy | peripheral nerve damage involving multiple axons; usually occurs secondary to disease processes such as MS, DM, nutrient deficiency, and toxic agents such as arsenic |
| spastic | inability of muscles to relax |
| athetoid or dyskinetic | inability to control muscle movement |
| ataxic | inability to control balance and coordination |
| tonic | a state of continuous muscle contraction |
| clonic | rapid succession of alternating muscle contractions and relaxations |
| demyelination | degeneration of myelin |
| pseudobulbar affect | uncontrollable laughing or crying effect |
| nystagmus | irregular eye movements |
| hyrdocephalus | "hydro" meaning water and "cephalus" meaning head; condition of increased ventricular and subarachnoid accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid |
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