Flashcards
Behaviourism and conditioning
Cards in this deck (23)
- 1What are the key assumptions of the Behaviorist approach?- We should only study behavior that can be observed and measured in a controlled and objective lab experiment
- All behavior is learnt and should be controlled through operant and classical conditioning
- Humans and animals learn in the same way so we can test theories on animals and use results to explain human behavior - 2According to Pavlov what happens when a stimulus is consistently and predictably associated with another stimulus?The same response is produced by the other stimulus- the response is classically conditioned
- 3What did Pavlov notice about the salivation of dogs?The dogs would salivate not only when presented with food, but also in response to other events that coincided with the presence of the food, e.g. the researchers footsteps
- 4How did Pavlov test what he noticed about the salivation of dogs?He introduced a new stimulus- a bell, which was rung whenever the dogs were fed. Eventually, once the dogs had associated the bell with the food, they salivated when the bell was rung regardless to whether there was any food present
- 5What was the neutral stimulus in Pavlov's experiment?The bell
- 6What is the unconditioned response in Pavlov's experiment?Salivation
- 7What is the unconditioned stimulus?The food
- 8What is the conditioned stimulus?The bell
- 9What is the conditioned response?Salivation
- 10What is generalisation?The tendency for a stimulus similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit the same response
- 11What is discrimination?Having a response to some stimuli but not others
- 12What is extinction?When the conditioned stimulus no longer elicits the conditioned response due to numerous presentations of the conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus
- 13What is Spontaneous Recovery?The sudden reappearance of the conditioned response after a period of apparent extinction
- 14If a behavior has a pleasant consequence, what effect does this have on the likelihood of behavior being repeated?Increases
- 15If a behavior has an unpleasant consequence, what effect does this have on the likelihood of the behavior being repeated?Decreases
- 16What is reinforcement?A pleasant consequence
- 17What is positive reinforcement?Providing something pleasant e.g. chocolate
- 18What is negative reinforcement?Taking away something unpleasant e.g. parents removing carrots from the child's plate because they scream about them
- 19What is punishment?An unpleasant consequence
- 20What is Positive punishment?Providing something unpleasant e.g. physical punishment (slap on the hand)
- 21What is a negative punishment?Taking away something pleasant e.g. taking the phone away
- 22What are some features of the Skinner box?Pellet dispenser, lever, dispenser tube, food cup, electric grid
- 23What was the procedure of the skinner box experiment?The rat moves around the cage and when it accidentally presses the lever, it is presented with food (positive reinforcement). This results in the rat repeating the behavior. In another experiment the rat gets an electric shock and if it accidentally presses the lever, the electricity is turned off. This is an example of negative reinforcement and results in the rat repeating the behavior
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- GCSE Psychology Flashcards on Behaviourism and conditioning, created by Emily Mawson on 03/11/2019.
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- Emily Mawson
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