Flashcards
Understanding Psychology: Chapter 6
Cards in this deck (32)
- 1Memorythe ability to remember the things that we have experienced, imagined and learned
- 2information-processing modela computer-like model used to describe the way humans encode, store and retrieve information
- 3sensory registersentry points for raw information from the senses
- 4Attentionthe selection of some incoming information for further processing
- 5inattentional blindnessFailure to notice or be aware of something that is in plain sight
- 6short-term memory (STM)working memory, briefly stores and processes selected information from the sensory registers
- 7Working MemoryAnother term for STM that emphasizes the active processing component of this memory system
- 8Chunkingthe grouping of information into meaningful units for easier handling by short-term memory
- 9rote rehearsalretaining information in memory simply by repeating it over and over
- 10long-term memory (LTM)The portion of memory that is more or less permanent, corresponding to everything we "know"
- 11Serial Position EffectThe finding that when asked to recall a list of unrelated items, performance is better for the items at the beginning and end of the list
- 12elaborative rehearsalthe linking of new information in short-term memory to familiar material stored in long-term memory
- 13Mnemonicstechniques that make material easier to remember
- 14Schema / SchemataA set of beliefs or expectations about something that is based on past experience
- 15episodic memoriesthe portion of long-term memory that stores personally experienced events
- 16semantic memoriesthe portion of long-term memory that stores general facts and information
- 17procedural memoriesthe portion of long-term memory that stores information relating to skills, habits and other perceptual motor skills
- 18emotional memorieslearned emotional responses to various stimuli
- 19explicit memoriesmemory for information that we can readily express in words and are aware of having, these memories can be intentionally retrieved from memory
- 20Implicit Memorymemory for information that we cannot readily express in words and may not be aware of having, these memories cannot be intentionally retrieved from memory
- 21tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon (TOT)knowing a word, but not being able to immediately recall it
- 22Long-Term Potentiation (LTP)a long-lasting change in the structure or function of a synapse that increases the efficiency of neural transmission and is thought to be related to how information is stored by neurons
- 23decay theorya theory that argues that the passage of time causes forgetting
- 24retrograde amnesiathe inability to recall events preceding an accident or injury, but without loss of earlier memory
- 25retroactive interferencethe process by which new information interferes with information already in memory
- 26proactive interferenceThe process by which information already in memory interferes with new information
- 27Autobiographical Memoryrefers to our recollection of events that happened in our life and when those events took place, it is a form of episodic memory
- 28Childhood amnesiathe difficulty adults have remembering experiences from their first 2 years of life
- 29Eidetic Imagerythe ability to reproduce unusually sharp and detailed images of something one has seen
- 30mnemonsistsPeople with highly developed memory skills
- 31flashbulb memoryA vivid memory of a certain event and the incidents surrounding it even after a long time has passed
- 32Phonological codingthe ability to produce, discriminate, and manipulate the phonological (or sound) structure of a language as distinct from its meaning.