BMS10-1012 (Thorax 4 - Mediastinum)

Description

different spaces in the chest cavity. the concept of the mediastinum, and its subdivisions contents of the posterior mediastinum & structures passing in/out abdomen. contents of the superior mediastinum and their relations to one another - arch of aorta and branches; superior vena cava+ tributaries. origins, paths, functions of the vagus and phrenic nerves within the thorax. Give the origins, functions, arrangement of the sympathetic chains in the thorax. oesophagus anatomical relations
Evian Chai
Flashcards by Evian Chai, updated more than 1 year ago
Evian Chai
Created by Evian Chai about 4 years ago
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Resource summary

Question Answer
What is the mediastinum? The central component of the thorax, in between the two pleural cavities
What splits the mediastinum into its superior and inferior plane? Transverse thoracic plane (Sternal angle at T4-T5)
The superior section of the thorax is from the.... to the .... Superior thoracic aperture Transverse thoracic plane
The inferior section of the thorax is from ... to .... Transverse thoracic plane to diaphragm
What are the posterior, middle and anterior boundaries of the pericardium? Posterior: Between pericardium/posterior thorax Middle: Pericardium contents Anterior: Between sternum/pericardium
The right common corotid artery and the right subclavian artery are branches of what? The brachiocephalic artery arising from the aorta
What does the superior vena cava branch into? Right and left: Brachiocephalic vein Subclavian vein Internal jugular vein Right pulmonary artery on side
What does the pulmonary trunk split into? Right and left pulmonary artery
What are the 12 components of the superior mediastinum? 1) Aortic arch + 3 branches - Brachiocephalic artery - Left subclavian artery - Left common carotid artery 2) Brachiocephalic Veins 3) Upper 1/2 of SVC 4) Sympathetic Chain 5) Vagus nerve - Paired - Behind of root of lung - Parasympathetic innervation of the heart - More medial than phrenic 6) Cardiac plexus - Innervates the heart - Lies in the concavity of the arch of aorta - Formed from sympathetic trunk & branches of the vagus nerve 7) Left recurrent laryngeal - Branch of the vagus nerve 8) Phrenic nerves - C3, C4, C5, - Sympathetic innervation of diaphragm, parietal pleura, pericardium - Front of root of lung - Lateral compared to vagus 9) Trachea - Bifurcates to bronchi (Transverse thoracic duct) 10) Oesophagus 11) Thoracic duct - Biggest lymphatic vessel in the body 12) Lymph nodes
Where is the oesophagus located in relation to the trachea, and where does it penetrate the diaphragm? Behind the trachea T10
What is the oesophagus innervated by? The vagus nerve
What is in the middle mediastinum? The pericardium+heart Thymus+cells
What structures are in the inferior mediastinum? 1. Descending thoracic aorta (T12) 2. Azygous system - posterior to aorta/trachea/oesophagus 3. Oesophagus 4. Thoracic duct
What does the azygous system do? Drains blood into the superior vena cava
On the right, which blood vessel (s) of the azygous system drain into the superior vena cava? Azygous vein
On the left, which blood vessel (s) of the azygous system drain into the superior vena cava? Hemizygous and accessory hemizygous vein drains into azygous vein, which then drains into SVC
What does the thoracic duct do? Collect lymph from intestine/lower extremities from cistern chyli
What is the thoracic duct located in between? Oesophagus and descending aorta
What does the thoracic duct drain into? Subclavian veins
Where does the thoracic duct cross from right to left? T4/T5
What does the descending thoracic aorta branch into? Subclavian artery then: 1. Costocervical trunk 2. Internal thoracic artery (anterior/posterior intercostal artery) Pericardiophernic artery Aortic arch/branches
The sympathetic trunk connects the ... (preganglionic) to the ... (postganglionic) CNS Heart
What are the functions of the sympathetic trunk? 1. Sympathetic control of HR/Contractability 2. Vasoconstriction/bronchodilation of lung/airways
What are the 3 ways synapses happen in the sympathetic trunk 1. Locally with intercostal nerves 2. Travel to synpase in chain 3. Travel to synapse closer to target organ (via short pre/long post ganglionic neuron)
The sympathetic trunk runs from ... to ... T1-T12
The sympathetic trunk involves the ... and the ... Ganglionic cord (groups of cell bodies outside CNS where synapses happen) Sympathetic chain
What provides motor/sensory innervation for the thorax/intercostal muscles? Intercostal nerves
Where are intercostal nerves located, and what do they originate from? In the neuromuscular bundle at the coastal groove Ventral Ramus
The phrenic nerve.... synapses Directly
The vagus nerve is the biggest... nerve The largest PNS nerve (10th cranial nerve) Long pre/short post ganglionic neurons
Innervation of the Heart (SNS & PNS) 1) Sympathetic - Short preganglionic from the CNS (gray matter) synapses at sympathetic trunk - Long postganglionic from sympathetic trunk passes through the cardiac plexus but synapses only at SA node & atrial walls 2) Parasympathetic - Vagus nerve - Long preganglionic efferent fibre (uni-polar) from the cranial region synapses at the cardiac plexus - Short postganglionic fibre from cardiac plexus that synapses at the heart (controls SA node)
What is the cardiac plexus? A concavity in the arch of the aorta made of the sympathetic trunk/branches of the vagus nerve that innervate the heart
The Left recurrent laryngeal in the superior mediastinum is a branch of vagus nerve
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