22059083
Description
Flashcards by Evian Chai, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Evian Chai
about 4 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Do epigenitical changes involve changes in DNA? | No, it is changes in gene activity/expression |
| What are two mechanisms of epigenetical modification? | Histone modification DNA methylation |
| What are chromatins made of? | Nucleosomes in a string |
| What is the structure of a nucleosome? | Segment of DNA wrapped around 8 histone proteins |
| What are histones? | Proteins w/ globular head and a charged N terminal tail |
| What are the primary targets of histone modificaton? How do they impact the chromatin? | Histone tails They change condensation reactions, affecting DNA/protein binding |
| Acetylation can turn genes | On and Off |
| Methylation can turn genes | on and off |
| Phosphorylation can turn genes | On |
| When does DNA methylation happen ? What about de novo? | After DNA replication finishes between parental-->daughter strand In stem cells/cancer cells |
| What is the only base able to be methylated? | Cytosine Protrudes from 5 position, making DNA more compact/OFF |
| What are Cp6 Islands? Where are they usually? | regions rich in cytosine-guanine they are usually upstream of coding regions 50-60% C-6s are methylated |
| What does the epigenetic code consist of? | DNA sequence+ DNA methylation+histone modification |
| Are epigenetical changes reversible? | Yes, can reverse abnormal and add beneficial modifications |
| What does SAHA (form of epigenetic therapy) do? | Inhibit histone deacetylase (prevent deacetylation) to increase T cell activity |
| How does 5-azacytidine treat myelodysplastic syndrome? | Inhibits DNA methyltransferase, so no methylation |
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