Flashcards
Learning Approach
Cards in this deck (19)
- 1ExtinctionIf conditioned stimulus (bell) is presented without unconditioned stimulus (food) then the conditioned response will fade
- 2Spontaneous recoveryAfter the response has died out, if the conditioned stimulus is once again associated with the unconditioned stimulus then the response will appear
- 3DiscriminationConditioned response only presented with original stimulus, does not extent to similar stimuli
- 4GeneralisationConditioned response to original stimulus and similar stimulus
- 5Positive reinforcementIncreasing the frequency of behaviour by giving something pleasant
- 6Negative reinforcementIncreasing the frequency of behaviour by taking something bad away - consequences that are pleasant when they stop
- 7PunishmentDecreasing the frequency of behaviour by using consequences that are unpleasant
- 8Primary reinforcementIncreasing frequency/strength of behaviour
By fulfilling a biological/basic need
Such as rewarding with food - 9Secondary reinforcementIncreasing frequency/strength of behaviour
By giving something which is associated with a basic need
Rewarding with money to buy food - 10ShapingReinforcing behaviours which closely resemble the desired response
- 11ObservationLearning by watching role models
Role models = tend to be similar but higher status/power - 12ImitationActual copying of behaviour
- 13ModellingLive models (what we see): parents
Verbal instructional (what we hear): elite coaches talking through it
Symbolic: film stars/characters - 14AttentionObserver has to concentrate on models behaviour to imitate
- 15RetentionBehaviour has to remembered and stored for it to be imitated later
- 16ReproductionObserver must be able to copy behaviour they observed
- 17MotivationObserver must have good reason
Must want to imitate behaviour - 18Vicarious reinforcement (indirect)Seeing role models get rewarded for behaviour = encourages us to reproduce behaviour to get same rewards
- 19Vicarious punishment (indirect)See role models get punished for behaviour = discourages us from producing behaviour to avoid punishment
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- A-Level Psychology Flashcards on Learning Approach, created by Klaudia Szoma on 23/03/2015.
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- Klaudia Szoma
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