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Flashcards

Population Dynamics

Emma Payne Human Geography GCSE English 37 cards

Most densely populated areas?

Cards in this deck (37)

  1. 1What is population distribution?The spread of people across the world
    Sparsely or densely populated
  2. 2Population DensityThe average number of people per square kilometre
  3. 3Most densely populated areas?Most densely populated areas?
  4. 4Population is constantly changingMEDC's have too many old people
    LEDC's have too many young people
  5. 5Migration Immigration Emmigration>The movement of people from one place to another
    >People coming into a country
    >People moving out of the country
  6. 6Push and Pull factors?>Pull:
    good economy, good economy, work and jobs, high wages, weather
    >Push:
    Natural disasters, lack of jobs, poor wages, under developed, poor education, war
  7. 7What is natural increase?The birth rate minus death rate often given as a percentage
    Population increase: more births than deaths
    Population decrease: more deaths than births
  8. 8Facts about World Population>200,000 extra people are being born each day than those who die
    >Population increasing by 1.3% or 70 million people per year
    >Over 90% of the world's population increase is occurring in LEDC's
  9. 9Factors that affect population change>Contraception
    >Healthier Diet
    >Health care
    >Water and food supply
    >Natural disasters
  10. 10Demographic Transitional Model Stages 1 and 2Stage 1: High Birth rate (no contraception)
    High Death rate (disease etc.)
    Natural increase is stable - few countries
    Stage 2: Death rate starts to fall
    Birth rate is still high
    Natural increase is high - Bangladesh
  11. 11Demographic Transition Model Stages 3 and 4Stage 3: Death Rate is falling
    Birth Rate starts to fall
    Still high natural increase but lower than Stage 2 - LEDC's, Brazil etc
    Stage 4: Death Rate remains low
    Birth Rate is low
    Little/no natural increase - MEDC's
  12. 12Demographic Transition Model Stage 5 ???Death Rate could go up
    Birth rate remains low
    Natural Decrease begins
    MEDC's - Germany, Sweden, Italy
  13. 13Demographic Transition Model 1: High Stationary 2: Early Expanding 3: Late expanding 4: Low Stationary 5: Declining?Demographic Transition Model 1: High Stationary 2: Early Expanding 3: Late expanding 4: Low Stationary 5: Declining?
  14. 144 Stages of population Pyramids Stage 1High Birth and Death Rate
    Short life expectancy
    Few places at this stage    4 Stages of population Pyramids Stage 1
  15. 154 Stages of population Pyramids Stage 2High Birth Rate
    Fall in Death Rate
    Slightly Longer Life expectancy
    Some LEDC's at this stage    4 Stages of population Pyramids Stage 2
  16. 164 Stages of population Pyramids Stage 3Declining Birth and Death Rate
    Many LEDC's at this stage    4 Stages of population Pyramids Stage 3
  17. 174 Stages of population Pyramids Stage 4Low Birth and Death Rate
    Longer life expectancy
    Many MEDC's at this stage    4 Stages of population Pyramids Stage 4
  18. 18Fertility Rate Infant Mortality Elderly Dependants>Number of children, on average, a woman will have in her lifetime
    >Number of babies dying before they're 1
    >People over 60/65 dependent on the rest of the working population
  19. 19Problems with population change in the UK Higher Taxes Working Longer>Younger generation not being able to support older generation, more people over 60 thank under 16 - shortage of workers
    >Too many people-not enough resources
    >Labour shortages filled by immigrants
    >Uneven balance of males and females
  20. 20China's One Child Policy Anti-natalist: policy trying to discourage people from having children Population went out of control in 1950's Average couple were having 5.8 babies Strain on natural resources For every 100 girls born, 120 boys are bornCouples not allowed to have more than one child
    2 babies allowed if you lived in a rural area or your first born is a girl
    Strict fines were placed on couples who had more than one child - 4 times annual income
  21. 21Benefits with Anti-natalist Policies>Couples gain extra months wages until their only child is 14
    >Tax breaks
    >Housing costs reduced
    >Higher wages
    >'Glory Certificate'
    >Better health care
  22. 22Problems with Anti-natalist Policies>Forced abortions
    >Couples being fined
    >Gender imbalance
    >Social issues
    >Unregistered children
    >Abandoned children
  23. 23How has the policy been relaxed?>Allowing all families in rural areas to have 2 children
    >Abolishing quotas for child births in 300 trial districts
    >Allowing women to have an informed choice between different kinds of contraception
  24. 24Net MigrationDifference between immigration and emigration
  25. 25Forced MigrationPeople have no choice
    Move or face hardship
    Natural disasters or war
    Refugees
  26. 26Voluntary Migration Temporary Migration>Move of their own freewill
    Trying to find better standard of living
    For jobs and higher wages
    >People don't move forever
    People tend to go home at some point in the future
  27. 27Permanent MigrationPeople move forever to find a new place to live
    E.g people who left Ireland during the 19th century due to famine
  28. 28Factors that affect how far people move (International Migration)Cost of travel
    Legal restrictions
    Cultural differences
    Cost of living
  29. 29Internal Migration Why do people prefer their own country?Existing jobs/contacts
    Friends and family
    Familiar surroundings and culture
    Living costs may be lower
  30. 30Migration From Mexico to the USA Border is 2000km long 1 million Mexicans migrate every year 12 million illegal immigrants 850,000 were caught in 1995 Push and Pull factors?Push: Poor medical facilities
    Low paid jobs - 40% unemployed
    Poor literacy rates, life expectancy is 72
    Pull: Excellent medical facilities
    Well paid jobs and higher life expectancy, 99% adult literacy rates
  31. 31Impacts and Benefits on USAImpacts: illegal immigrations cost USA millions for border patrols, Mexican's drain US economy, racial issues, increase of TB
    Benefits: Mexicans work for low wages, Mexicans enrich the culture
  32. 32Impacts and Benefits on MexicoImpacts: Shortage of economically active people, many men migrate leaving women without partners, young people migrate leaving the old and very young
    Benefits: Legal and illegal immigrants send back $6 billion a year
  33. 33Refugee Asylum SeekerSomeone who asylum application has been successful and is allowed to stay in a country having proved they would face persecution at home
    Person who has left their country and applied for an asylum
  34. 34Economic migrant Illegal immigrantSomeone who has moved to another country for work
    Their entry contravenes immigration laws
  35. 35Pro-natalist policy: France Concerns that women were choosing not to have children and therefore the government were worried the younger population would not be able to support the older generation>Cash incentive of £675 monthly for a mother to stay off work for one year after her third child
    >Reductions on train fares
    >More children, less tax to pay
    >Three years paid parental leave
    >Fertility rate is one of Europe's highest
  36. 36Push and Pull factors for migrants and the UKPush: no sense of adventure, struggling to find skilled jobs, expensive houses, immigrants, anti-social behavior
    Pull: Government is welcoming to foreign workers, different cultures, better quality of life, need for skilled workers, protected rights, good education, better healthcare
  37. 37Tiered points based system for UKTier 1: Highly skilled workers
    Tier 2: Skilled workers with a job offer
    Tier 3: Low skilled workers (filling work shortages)
    Tier 4: Students
    Tier 5: Youth mobility and temporary workers

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GCSE Human Geography Flashcards on Population Dynamics, created by Emma Payne on 08/04/2015.
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Emma Payne
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