Flashcards
unit 3 topic 4
Cards in this deck (25)
- 1classical conditioningwhereby an an organism can passively learn to show naturally occurring reflex action such as salivation in response to any stimulus - learning through association
- 2classical conditioning used for positive or negative?can be used for positive or negative depending on the nature of the stimuli we are associating the response with
- 3associationa learnt connection between two or more objects or events - especially significant in classical conditioning
- 4unconditioned stimulus (classical) unconditioned responsea stimulus that causes an unconditioned response
a response that occurs naturally in response to the unconditioned stimulus - 5conditioned stimulusa previously neutral stimulus that is associated with the unconditioned stimulus and eventually causes a conditioned response
- 6neutral stimulussomething that can cause no response
- 7conditioned responsean automatic response developed by being trained to respond to a typically neutral stimulus
- 8extinction (classical)the response is extinguished after being shown several times without reinforcement
- 9spontaneous recovery (classical)the reappearance of an extinguished response after a rest period
- 10stimulus generalisation (classical)when an organism responds to any stimulus that is similar to the conditioned stimulus
- 11stimulus discrimination (classical)when an organism responds to the conditioned stimulus but not to any stimulus that is similar to the conditioned stimulus
- 12Little Albert - learned fearsuggests that we can be conditioned to experience fear through classical conditioning
- 13operant conditioninga type of learning in which behaviour becomes controlled by its consequences
- 14positive reinforcera consequence that strengthens a response by providing a pleasant or satisfying outcome, increasing the likelihood that a behaviour will be repeated
- 15negative reinforcerthe removal, reduction or prevention of an unpleasant stimulus in response to a behaviour, increasing the likelihood that a behaviour will be repeated
- 16positive punishmentremoving a positive or rewarding stimulus
- 17negative punishmentdirectly applying an unpleasant stimulus
- 18stimulus generalisation (operant)when a behaviour is displayed because of a discriminative stimulus that is similar to the original
i.e. same reaction for similar stimulus - 19stimulus discriminationwhen a behaviour stops being applied to similar situations and only to the discriminative stimulus
i.e. one reaction for one specific stimulus - 20extinction (operant)no longer providing the reinforcement that has been maintaining a behavior
- 21spontaneous recovery (operant)shows that extinction of a behaviour is not ‘unlearning’
- 22social learning theorydescribes the way in which people acquire certain behaviours by watching and learning from role models; the initial focus of observational learning
- 23modellingwhen a person copies that behaviour or attitude demonstrated by another person
- 24vicarious learningPositive: individual witnesses reward for a behaviour and decides to act in same way
Negative: individual witnesses punishment for a behaviour so discontinues that behaviour themselves - 25observational learning process
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- Year 12 Psychology Flashcards on unit 3 topic 4, created by Isla Jenkins on 06/08/2020.
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- Isla Jenkins
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