Flashcards
short-term and long-term memory
Cards in this deck (10)
- 1define 'memory'memory is stored information that can be recalled
- 2define 'short-term memory'memory of immediate events; measured in seconds and lasts up to 2 minutes, this information disappears if not rehearsed/revised - it has limited capacity of about 4 items or chunks and tends to be coded acoustically)
- 3define 'long-term memory'memory of events that have happened in the past, this lasts a lifetime, information tends to be coded semantically
- 4define 'capacity'how much information can be held in a memory store
- 5define 'duration'how long information can be held for; LTM has the potential to last forever, STM may only last 2 minutes
- 6define 'coding'information we store has to be 'written' into our brain; it is described as a code where the brain absorbs the information, which can be held in the form of sounds (acoustic), images (visual) or meaning (semantic0
- 7a summary table of capacity, duration and encoding in terms of STM and LTM
- 8Jacobs (1887) - the capacity of STMJacobs found that it is easier to recall numbers rather than letters in his digit span research, he found that 9.3 items could be recalled for digits and 7.3 for letters
- 9Miller (1956) - the magic number 7+/-2Miller found that short-term memory enables people to remember either 7 items or 2 less or 2 more (5 or 9)
- 10AO3 - evaluation of capacity studies1. capacity of STM may be more limited as reviewed by Cowan (2001) who concluded that STM is likely limited to just 4 items (meaning Miller's lower end in more appropriate, 5) this suggest that STM may not be as extensive as was thought
2. individual differences leads to different results Jacobs himself looked into this and found that an eight year old
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- A level Psychology (memory) Flashcards on short-term and long-term memory , created by joanna smigielska on 03/03/2022.
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- joanna smigielska
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