Flashcards
Qualitative data collection
Cards in this deck (33)
- 1What are the 3 common types of data in qualitative research?- Language (written & spoken)
- Observation of behaviours (talk & non-verbal interactions)
- Images (videos/photographs/drawings & paintings) - 2Data collection methods * Textual data collection *- Qualitative surveys
- Story completion tasks
- Vignettes
- Secondary sources
- Diaries - 3Data collection methods * Interactive data collection *- Interviews
- Focus groups
- Using tools (repertory grids) - 4Sampling approaches * Theoretical sampling *You choose your next participants as a result of the data that comes from your first participant/group of participants
- 5Sampling approaches * Maximum variation sampling *You choose participants to reflect the range & diversity of a target population
- 6Sampling approaches * Snowball sampling *You request future participants from the participants themselves
- 7Sampling approaches * Context sampling *Based on the context of your research
E.g., Research at a work location = participants are likely to be employees - 8Sampling approaches * Convenience sampling *General advertisements/who turns up
- 9Do qualitative surveys use open or closed questions?Open-ended
- 10Strengths of qualitative surveys- Collect lots of data relatively quickly
- Access to geographically dispersed & harder to engage participants
- 'Focused's data > highly motivated participants often respond in depth
- Avoids some ethical issues with f2f collection
- Potentially more anonymous - 11Weaknesses of qualitative surveys- Data generally has less depth compared to interviews
- Challenging for participants with low literacy skills & those with sight disabilities
- Generally no structure for completion
- Some people might feel more comfortable sharing information f2f - 12Story completion tasksProjective technique > complete a story stem or flesh out a story cue
- The person completing the story is likely to ascribe their own motivations, feelings & behaviours
- Can allow the participant to externalise their anxieties, concerns & actions - 13Strengths of story completion tasks- Useful for exploring people's perceptions/views/opinions
- An indirect/disguised way of accessing people's views
- A way of accessing assumptions/hidden meanings
- Useful for researching sensitive, ethically/morally complex topics - 14Weaknesses of story completion tasks- Data is less predictable than other methods
- Wide variation in responses
- Data can be harder to analyse - 15VignettesSimulations of real events depicting hypothetical situations often involving some kind of dilemma
- Read a short vignette & answer a series of questions about the content - 16Strengths of vignettes- Useful for exploring people's perceptions/views/opinions
- Non-personal = less threatening > participants may feel more inclined to answer
- Useful for studying sensitive topics - 17Weaknesses of vignettes- Can be difficult for people with lower literacy skills & people with sight disabilities
- Data can be harder to analyse
- Interpretation can be difficult when people have no personal experience of the situation - 18General strengths of interviews- Direct source of information/detail
- Non-verbal cues can be picked up on
- Can explore difficult, complex issues - 19General limitations of interviews- Based on what people say, not necessarily what they do
- Responses may differ based on context/time
- Time consuming
- May be hard to recruit participants - 20Types of interview * Directive/Structured *- Led by the interviewer
- Questions are predetermined/fixed
- Answers = standardised response schedule - 21Strengths of structured interviews- Provide data which is easily quantifiable
- Ensures comparability across respondents
- Ensures that all relevant topics are covered - 22Limitations of structured interviews- Inhibits unanticipated discoveries
- Respondents may feel constrained because they cannot give info they feel is important - 23Types of interview * Semi-structured *- Led by the interviewer/informant
- Questions are predetermined by flexible
- Answers = individualised transcripts reflect omissions/changes - 24Strengths of semi-structured interviews- Provide rich data
- Provide data which is relevant to the participant
- Allows interviewer to test the limits of the participants knowledge
- Encourages co-operation & rapport - 25Limitations of semi-structured interviews- Sacrifice comparability across respondents
- Analysis is time consuming - 26What are interviewer effects?Your characteristics may influence the participant's willingness to respond
(Age, gender, appearance, accent, etc)
- Can also be the result of power dynamics - 27How to solve interviewer effects- One interviewer carries out all the interviews
- Interviewers are randomly allocated
- Interviewer characteristics are matched to the participant - 28The interview structure/schedule * Rapport *Building a rapport is important > people are more likely to respond if this is built
- Interviewer is to be professional but not intimidating
- Interview starts with general, open questions
- Listen - 29The interview structure/schedule * Introduction *- Explain what is going to happen
- How long it will take
- Give your contact information
- Consent procedure
- Allow them to ask any questions before starting - 30Kvale (1996): Nine types of questions1 - Introducing
2 - Follow-up ("what do you mean by that")
3 - Probing
4 - Specifying
5 - Direct
6 - Indirect
7 - Structuring
8- Silence
9 - Interpreting/clarifying - 31What is a focus group?An informal discussion among selected individuals about specific topics
- 32Strengths of focus groups- Can generate wide range of views
- Participants may build on each others responses
- Allows exploration of attitudes & interactions
- Speed of data collection - 33Limitations of focus groups- Group dynamics are unpredictable
- May not allow for sensitive topics to be discussed
- Extreme/controversial views may not be identified
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- Psychology (PS1813 - Research methods) Flashcards on Qualitative data collection, created by Sian Allen on 28/05/2022.
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- Sian Allen
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