Flashcards
Unit 4 - Module 26: Encoding Memories
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- 1Unit FOur - Module 26 Encoding MemoriesEncoding Memories
- 2explicit memoryRetention of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and "declare."
Also known as declarative memory - 3effortful processingEncoding that requires attention and conscious effort.
- 4automatic processingUnconscious encoding of incidental information, such as space, time, and frequency, and of well-learned information such as word meanings.
- 5implicit memoryRetention of learned skills or classically conditioned associations independent of conscious recollection.
Also known as nondeclarative memory - 6iconic memoryA momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second.
- 7echoic memoryA momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; if attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can still recalled within 3 or 4 seconds.
- 8chunkingOrganizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically.
- 9mnemonicsMemory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices.
- 10distributed practiceSpreading out study sessions or practice over time with intervals or breaks in between. This method has been shown to enhance long-term retention and understanding of the material by allowing time for consolidation of information.
- 11massed practice (cramming)Concentrating study sessions or practice into a short, continuous period with little or no breaks. Although it can lead to quick learning initially, it often results in poorer long-term retention compared to distributed practice. This is often referred to as "cramming."
- 12spacing effectThe tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study.
- 13testing effectEnhanced memory after retrieving, rather than simply rereading, information.
Also known as retrieval practice effect or test-enhanced learning. - 14shallow processingEncoding on a basic level, based on the structure or appearance of words.
- 15deep processingEncoding semantically; based on the meaning of the words; tends to yield the best retention.
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- Grade 12 Psychology (Unit Four - Cognitive Psychology) Flashcards on Unit 4 - Module 26: Encoding Memories, created by Greg MacPherson on 01/08/2024.
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- Greg MacPherson
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- Created by Greg MacPherson · Apr 10, 2022
- Copied by Greg MacPherson · Aug 1, 2024
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