Flashcards
Women
Cards in this deck (23)
- 1Before the war, how many women worked and when were they expected to leave?Nearly 5 million women in Britain did work, but they were expected to leave as soon as they married or when they had their first child.
- 2What were women's wages like before the war?Women on average only earned £2 a week.
But, a working woman’s weekly wage was half that of a man’s for doing the same job. - 3Which organisation was set up in June 1938 and what did they do?'Women’s Voluntary Services for Air Raid Precaution’ (WVS) At first they organised evacuees and made medical supplies eg bandages from old sheets and pyjamas.
- 4What did their name change to and what did they now do?In 1939, it changed its name to the Women’s Voluntary Service for Civil Defence. They ran mobile canteens, provided temporary accommodation for those who had been made homeless in the Blitz and organised talks on ‘Make Do and Mend’.
- 5When was conscription for work introduced ?In December 1941, unmarried women aged between 20-30 were conscripted to work in industry or the auxiliary armed forces. By 1943, the age range had been extended to 19-43.
- 6When did the government recognise that there were labour shortages? What happened as a consequence of thi?April 1941
All women were forced to register for work. - 7By 1943, what percentage of women were doing work of national importance?90% of single women
80% of married women. - 8How many nurseries were there before the war? How many by 1944?104
1,450 - 9What was introduced to help women ith families to work?Encouraging employers to allow women with children to job share.
Women with families were given priority shopping cards which meant they could jump queues as they had virtually no time to go shopping. - 10What opportunities did the war give women? (Heavy industry and transport)Many women who had worked as domestic servants for the rich and middle class now earned much more and were treated better doing war work. Women were paid best working on the buses or railways.
- 11In 1943, women occupied what percentage of factories? What was unequal about this?57%
Received only 75% of man's wage. - 12Women's average wage compared to men's in 1943?Average women’s wage was £3 2s 11d compared to £6 1s 4d for men.
- 13Examples of jobs:Women doing dangerous munitions work could earn as much as £10/ week.
In aircraft factories, women worked a 16 hour day, 7 days a week. - 14Who campaigned to make sure women were treated the same as men and example.TUC (Trades Union Congress)
They successfully complained that women were paid 25% less and received lower accident compensation than men in the Rolls Royce armament factories. - 15When were the Land Girls set up? How many were there by 1943? What was the official name? What did they have to?June 1939
80,000
Women's Land Army
Farm work such as ploughing fields, turning hay, lifting potatoes, lambing and looking after chickens - 16How much holiday/pay did Land Girls receive?Only received 7 days holiday a year.
In 1944, they earned £2.40 a week – less than the average female wage of £3 – and half that went on lodgings. - 17What armed forces groups were there fore women? How many women were in the services by 1944?WRNS (Women’s Royal Naval Services), WAAF (Women’s Auxiliary Air Force) and the ATS (Auxiliary Territorial Service).
450,000
Did office, driving and domestic duties - 18Was it successful? (3points)Not completely successful - The government had to use propaganda to convince women to get jobs.
Nearly 10 million women did not do any war work, even part-time work.
Lots of women were put off working because of poor pay - 19Example of a propaganda film made.Propaganda films such as the 1943 film ‘Millions Like Us’ by Launder and Gilliatt were made, which showed women enjoying their war work.
- 20Did women like their jobs?A Wartime Social Survey found that 2/3rds of working women in the war hated their jobs, which they found boring and repetitive and only worked for the money.
- 21After the war, what year did number of women in paid work increase? Where did they work?1951
NHS - 223 Points which suggest that the role of women didn't change.Most women willingly left their wartime jobs because they wanted to return to the home. A government survey of 1947 revealed that 58% of women believed that married women should not go out to work.
Women’s career opportunities were not improved by the war e.g working in metal manufacturing and engineering came to an end. The government shut down nurseries after the war.
The Equal Pay Commission reported in 1946 that the average male wage was £5.70/ week, while the average female wage was £3. Didn't recommend any changes. - 23What was women's work like by the 1960s?38% of women worked but by 1961, only 15% doctors and 3% of lawyers were women.
Information
- Description
- GCSE History Flashcards on Women, created by rachael haddow on 01/12/2015.
- Created by
- rachael haddow
- Views
- 2
- Rating