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AS Level History - Political and Governmental Change in Germany (2)

Ben C History - Germany AS - Level English 80 cards

Cards in this deck (80)

  1. 1--ESTABLISHING A DICTATORSHIP 1933-34----ESTABLISHING A DICTATORSHIP 1933-34--
  2. 2TIMELINE: ESTABLISHING THE DICTATORSHIP OF NAZI PARTYTIMELINE: ESTABLISHING THE DICTATORSHIP OF NAZI PARTY
  3. 330th January 1933Hitler becomes Chancellor of Germany.
  4. 427th February 1933The Reichstag fire destroys the parliament building; communist conspiracy blamed, communists lose support.
  5. 528th February 1933A Presidential Decree giving Hitler emergency powers is passed.
  6. 65th March 1933Elections to the Reichstag see the Nazi vote increase.
  7. 724th March 1933The Enabling Act is passed by the Reichstag.
  8. 831st March 1933Länder stripped of much of their power; they now only carry out federal laws.
  9. 97th April 1933Law to restore the civil service; Jews and opponents of Nazis can be removed and people can be retired 'for technical reasons'.
  10. 1022nd June 1933SPD banned
  11. 1127th June 1933DNVP dissolved
  12. 1214th July 1933All political parties except the Nazis banned
  13. 1320th July 1933Cabinet discussion of laws no longer needed, written agreement is enough.
  14. 1412th November 1933Elections to the Reichstag see the Nazi vote increase.
  15. 1530th January 1934Hitler abolishes the Länder altogether in the Law for the Reconstruction of the Reich.
  16. 1614th February 1934Hitler officially dissolves the Reichsrat
  17. 1724th April 1934Hitler set up a 'people's court' to try cases of treason.
  18. 1830th June 1934The SA is destroyed in 'The Night of the Long Knives'
  19. 192nd August 1934President Hindenburg dies. Hitler declares himself Führer (to replace president and chancellor). He also makes himself head of the armed forces, and the armed forces take an oath of loyalty to him, NOT Germany.
  20. 2019th August 1934Hitler is confirmed as Führer by plebiscite.
  21. 21--Legality of Hitler's dictatorship----Legality of Hitler's dictatorship--
  22. 22How did Hitler rise to power?By taking advantage of the problems of the Weimar Constitution.
  23. 23How strong was the Nazi Party's position in January 1933?Strong, but they only had one third of all seats in the Reichstag, not a majority.
  24. 24What key turning point happened on the 27th Feburary 1933, that changed the political landscape in favour of the Nazis?The Reichstag Fire.
  25. 25Who, supposedly, caused the Fire?Dutch communist, Marinus van de Lubbe.
  26. 26Give 5 ways in which the Nazis benefited from the Reichstag Fire (FACES).-Financial support.
    -Anti-Communist propaganda.
    -Credit for catching the arsonist.
    -Election for 5th March.
    -State of Emergency.
  27. 27Why did the Nazi Party gain financial support?Industrialists started to contribute generously to Nazi funds as their fear of communism rose.
  28. 28What did the State of Emergency mean for Hitler?He had control of the police and the power to govern Germany by decree without the Reichstag (with Hindenburg's consent to his actions).
  29. 29What was the decree called that he passed in response to this State of Emergency?Protection of the People and the State.
  30. 30What did this decree do?Suspended civil rights of German citizens.
    This meant he could:
    -Legally arrest political opponents.
    -Ban opposition newspapers.
  31. 31What legal and illegal tactics did Hitler use in the 5th March 1933 election?Legal:
    Use of his emergency powers to arrest some opponents.
    Illegal:
    Violent campaign tactics, using the SA.
  32. 32What were the results of the 5th March election?Nazi's won 17.5 million votes and 288 seats in the Reichstag.
  33. 33Which party did Hitler take advantage of using his emergency powers?The Communist Party by banning their 81 seats in the Reichstag.
  34. 34How did Hitler gain overall majority of the Reichstag?DNVP (52 seats).
  35. 35What does the Nazi management of the March election show us?How the Nazi's used the law to get what they wanted, but also violent, illegal elimination of opponents.
  36. 36--ENABLING ACT----ENABLING ACT--
  37. 37What was passed on the 24th March 1933?The Law for the Removal of the Distress of the People and Reich (the Enabling Act).
  38. 38What were the results of the 'voting in' process of the Enabling Act?444 votes to 84 (all SPD voted against it).
  39. 39What did this Act allow Hitler to do?Pass laws without the Reichstag for four years.
  40. 40What did this do to the Weimar Constitution?Destroyed it.
  41. 41What did Hitler do to gain political totalitarianism?14th July 1933: banned ALL political parties, making a one-party state.
  42. 42What did Hitler do when Hindenburg died?Combined the offices of the President and the Chancellor, to create the role of Führer.
  43. 43How did Hitler complete the consolidation of his power?He held a plebiscite which made his actions more acceptable abroad.
  44. 44--THE NIGHT OF THE LONG KNIVES----THE NIGHT OF THE LONG KNIVES--
  45. 45What were the two issues with the SA?-They were bad for the Nazi image.
    -They were loyal to Röhm who was increasingly critical of Hitler's 'conciliation' of the old government, the army and industrialists.
  46. 46Why did Hitler not need the SA anymore?-He had the SS and Gestapo.
    -Feared that Röhm might try to seize power.
  47. 47Which prominent figures were killed on 'The Night of the Long Knives' on 30th June 1934?-Ernst Röhm.
    -Kurt von Schleicher and his wife.
    -Other major SA officers.
  48. 48Why were people relieved that the SA had been tamed?People were scared of them and their brutal tactics had become widely hated.
  49. 49--NATURE OF THE NAZI GOVERNMENT----NATURE OF THE NAZI GOVERNMENT--
  50. 50What two issues did the new one-state nation solve?-Problem of election majorities.
    -Problem of coalitions.
  51. 51How many laws did the Reichstag pass between 1934 and 1945?7 laws.
  52. 52What did Hitler keep the same after his takeover?The bureaucracy.
  53. 53What were the aspects of the bureaucracy?-Civil service had been purged of Jews and opponents in 1933.
    -Many clerks had been Nazis even when there were other parties to choose from.
    -Kept ministers who were not Nazis before the one-party system.
  54. 54Why did Hitler keep parts of the bureaucracy the same?-To provide a sense of continuity.
    -This allowed officials and citizens to think that they understand the system.
  55. 55Why was this an illusion?Some ministries had different levels of power than the other ones.
  56. 56What operated alongside the foreign ministry from 1934?The Bureau Ribbentrop.
  57. 57What role did the Bureau Ribbentrop have?They were entrusted with important foreign diplomatic missions as 'special envoy'.
  58. 58What effect did Hitler, leaving out key details about who was in charge of what, have?It created a good deal of overlap, duplication of work and confusion.
  59. 59Why would Hitler deliberately do this?-To introduce a spirit of competition among various ministries and departments.
    -To make sure that people don't feel too settled in their positions and that they owed their situation to Hitler.
  60. 60Who was in charge of the Reich Propaganda Ministry?Joseph Goebbels.
  61. 61--KEY FEATURES OF NAZI GOVERNMENT----KEY FEATURES OF NAZI GOVERNMENT--
  62. 62What is the main principle of the Nazis?Volksgemeinschaft
  63. 63What is Volksgemeinschaft?'People's community'; the German nation as a racially united body working for the good of the nation. Individuals were expected to obey the Nazi government and make sacrifices for the nation.
  64. 64Give 5 basic features of the Nazi government (DOCAL)Decision-making
    One nation
    Control
    Administration
    Leadership
  65. 65What was the idea behind leadership?That Hitler was the leader of the nation and had ultimate power.
  66. 66What policy did the whole Nazi state operate on?Führerprinzip
  67. 67What was Führerprinzip?A strict hierarchical order, where every area of life had someone in charge to tell the people what to do.
  68. 68Why was Führerprinzip essential in Nazi society?Allowed people to work together and not make their own decisions; initiative was FROWNED upon.
  69. 69What was the issue of decision-making?Hitler couldn't make every decision in the country.
  70. 70What happened to ministers who 'worked towards the Führer'?They were given more power and more responsibility.
  71. 71Did Hitler promote teamwork? Why/why not?No, he encouraged that groups didn't work together to form policy so that it was harder for opposition groups to form.
  72. 72Who took control of administration during the Nazi Regime?-The Civil Service.
    -They were led by the new minister Wilherlm Frick in the Ministry of the Interior.
  73. 73What was the issue with Frick's Ministry?They often came into conflict with the Reich special agencies, Nazi party officials and other ministries.
  74. 74How much power did the civil service decisions have?Even though a lot of planning went into them, they were often over-ruled by 'Nazi principle'.
  75. 75Under a Nazi regime, what should the structure of Germany look like?-A unified country with a centralised government.
    -They were strongly against the idea of the Länder.
  76. 76How did the Nazi regime make sure this structure prevailed?-March 1933, the Länder were stripped of most of their powers.
    -January 1934, Law for the Reconstruction of the Reich terminated them completely.
  77. 77Why were the Länder terminated?-The Nazi regime wanted a centralised administration.
    -German people now had a unity that overrode regional differences, so the Länder weren't needed.
  78. 78How did the Nazi Party establish tight levels of control over 'political matters'?Using the Gestapo which was set up under Goering on 26th April 1933.
  79. 79What was special about the SS and Gestapo?They ran their own judiciary that ran alongside the existing court system.
  80. 80What were set up to control political prisoners?Concentration camps, which were outside the established judicial system.

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AS - Level History - Germany (Political and Governmental Change) Flashcards on AS Level History - Political and Governmental Change in Germany (2), created by Ben C on 18/02/2016.
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