Flashcards
Stalin's Rise and Rule.
Cards in this deck (29)
- 1Stalin vs Trotsky...Stalin pros and cons?Pros - Ambitious, Supporters in important positions, controls media, started from the bottom, good PR, manipulative, worked with Lenin.
Cons - Not an obvious leader, has nothing to his name, in Lenin's will he said Stalin was not to be trusted, Thug, n experience. - 2Trotsky pros and cons?Pros - Led the revolution, organised the red army, clever, close to Lenin.
Cons - Jewish, others are suspicious of his intelligence and motives, Menshevik background, brutal tactics, not good with people. - 3How did Stalin become Lenin's successor over Trotsky?He turns people against Trotsky via propaganda. He accused Trotsky of trying to split the communist party, nobody was willing to defend him as he was unpopular. He then stripped him of his power and his party. Finally he sent him into exile
- 4What were the Purges?Cleaning of the party. Getting rid of all who Stalin deemed disloyal.
- 5What was the significance of Kirov?Stalin beleived that his enemies were trying to replace him with Kirov. He secretly ordered Yagoa (head of the NKVD (secret police)) to kill him.
- 6What happened to Zinoviev and Kamenev?Stalin accused them of Kirov's murder. They were arrested and put on trial. They were sentenced to long jail time in 1935 but this as not enough for Stalin. With the help of the NKVD he 'proved' that Kamenev, Zinoviev and Trotsky were foreign spies and made them admit to this during show trials in exchange for their lives. They did so but were shot anyway.
- 7What was 'The Great Terror'?Great terror - Secret police hunted Stalin's enemies for two years. Nobody was safe due to Stalin's paranoia. 700000 people were executed including old Bolsheviks and red army leaders who were the big names at the time.
- 8NKVD?Communist -not so secret- police.
Ruled Russia through terror and unlimited power.
Yagoda was the leader then he was replaced with Yezhov who was much more brutal. - 9How did Stalin control the Soviet Union?Informers, Prison camps, Propaganda and the Cult of Personality.
- 10Informers?Children were encouraged to tell on their parents. Russian people would not talk freely for fear of being reported. NKVD controlled.
- 11Prison Camps.For state victims that were not executed.
Located in Russia's inhospitable areas.
Worse conditions that Nazi but otherwise very similar. Often meaningless work. - 12Propaganda?Promoting Stalin and communism.
Education was very linked to communist ideas. Influenced every aspect of daily life. - 13Cult of personality?Propaganda to turn Stalin into a God. Stalin controls the media. Farther of USSR.
- 145 year plans? What...An attempt to industrialise Russia.
- 15Why?Defend from the west.(German NAZI invasion)
Advertise communism by updating Russia.
Finish off the revolution (currently the NEP way of industrialising is too capitalist). - 16How?Forced slave labor.
Motivation - news about (fake) successes.
Propaganda.
Rewards - medals, holidays, photo in paper
Punishments - TERROR. - 17Did the Russian people benefit from the 5 year plans? Yes & No...Yes...Better goods, Up to date i.e. electricity, they are able to defend themselves, more and more peasants have moved to the cities.
No...Long hours Physical labor, casualties, famine, living conditions, nobody complains due to terror. - 18What is key about the end of the first set of five year plans?Ends early to motivate the people when in actual fact they have not hit their targets.
- 19Second set of 5 year plans... key points.Better conditions for peasants.
At first machinery is made to help peasants but by 36 Russia knew Germany was coming so efforts were concentrated elsewhere. - 205 year plans were successful? Yes & No...Yes...By 1940 R is a world leader, Urban and industrialised therefroe they survive NAZI invasion.
No...Consumer products were not good so reflects badly on communism. - 21What was collectivisation.All peasants would work together on one massive farm and pool their resources instead of owning individual plots of land.
The government would set targets and supply machinery and the produce would be used to feed the industrial workforce. - 22Why was colectivisation put in place.Stalin needed to sort out the countryside.
More food needed to be produced to feed the new industrial workforce and to export so Stalin could buy equipment for industry. Additionally the food needed to remain cheap so the workers would be happy with their current pay. - 23How did the peasants react and how was this dealt with?Peasants rebelled against collectivisation.
Stalin sent in the army to intimidate them and used an upper class group of peasants called Kulaks as scapegoats and said it was only them resisting and for selfish reasons. - 24Why did this not work? And therefore how was it resolved.By the 20's there were very few Kulaks left and most peasants were of equal wealth. Additionally most peasants hated colectivisation. So Stain steals their grain and there is lots of Terror, Famine and many peasants move to the cities.
- 25Outcome of colectivisation?Slow progress. Massive human cost. Some success on the smaller collectivised farms known as Kolkhoz as they allowed limited private profit. Therefore the process once again favored capitalism. However the farms did allow Russia to fend of Germany.
Stalin says - 'it was all very bad and difficult, but necessary. - 26Collectivisation - key pros and cons?Pros...workers are fed. More peasants come to work in factories. Agriculture is industralised.
Cons...Very little agricultural progress. Brutality and Famine. - 27How were the ethnic minorities treated under Stalin's rule? Pre and post 34.Pre 1934 - were allowed to preserve their own cultural identities.
1934 - Russification - encouraged to be Russian and Russian lang was made compulsory in schools. Stalin's aim was to make them loyal soviet citizens. - 28How were women treated? Socialist rev - Under Stalin -Socialist rev - Equal to men. Abortion and divorce were easy.
Under Stalin - Abortion abolished. Traditional motherly duties assumed. However on top of this they were considered equal to men so had to work on farms and in factories as well. - 29What were the three major classes in the 30's and describe them.Peasants - Agricultural workers who were unhappy with Stalin's changes.
Industrial workers - Poor wages and housing but more consumer goods, no rationing and free education and medicine.
Social elite - No pretense of equality (traditional hierarchy)
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- GCSE History (Communist Russia.) Flashcards on Stalin's Rise and Rule., created by Tom van der Linden on 05/04/2016.
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- Tom van der Linden
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