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Flashcards

History paper 1

Evie Horne History GCSE English 116 cards

Cards in this deck (116)

  1. 1What three alliances is the triple entente made of? And what are there years.Franco-Russian Alliance 1894
    Entente Cordiale 1904
    Anglo-Russian Naval Agreement 1907
  2. 2When was the Triple Alliance made and who was in it?? (also what was it?)1884 - Germany, Italy and Austria-Hungry.
    It was a defensive treaty between those 3 countries.
  3. 3What was British foreign policy before 1900. What did it mean?Splendid Isolation - I meant it tried to stay out of european affairs.
  4. 4How did the alliance system lead to war?It but tension between countries because they were secret and other countries didn't like that.
    Also they encircled Germany which made her scared of attack so she acted more violently
  5. 5What was Kaiser Wilhelm II's foreign policy??He wanted "a place in the sun"
    Agressive
    "Welt-politik"- world power
    Wants to expand Germany Eastwards
    Increasing powerful nation
  6. 6How did Kaiser Wilhelm II's policy lead to the outbreak of war??It caused tension to build because it threatened their colonies and made them fear attack.
  7. 7What was the naval race?The naval race was a race between Britain and Germany. It started in 1906 when Britain built the first dreadnaught. And then it was race to see what country could build the most.
  8. 8Why did the naval race happen?Because Germany threatened Naval supremacy.
  9. 9What as British public attitude during this time"We want 8 and we won't wait"
  10. 10What year did the naval race end and who won?1914 - Britain won
  11. 11What was the arms race?The countries raced to build up their armies
  12. 12Who had the biggest army, and what was the problem with it?Russia had the biggest army but it was poorly trained and badly equipt
  13. 13Who had the fastest growing army??Germany, it was also very well equipt
  14. 14What happened in 1913?France and Russia increased conscription period.
  15. 15Who was the only country who didn't introduce conscription by 1914? and why?Britain. It didn't increase its conscription period because it was an island so its navy was more important.
  16. 16describe the events in Morocco in 1905.Wilhelm went to Morocco talking of independence and defence against France. This angered France. They had an international conference in Spain.
  17. 17Why did it anger France?Because France had a lot of colonies in North Africa and also Morocco also had a lot of strategic influence.
  18. 18Who supported France?Britain and Russia
  19. 19Who supported Germany?NO ONE IMPORTANT
  20. 20What was the decided at the conference in Spain?France had to recognise that Morocco was independent but was given joint control with Spain.
  21. 21What were the consequences of the Moroccan crisis?It made the Entente cordiale stronger.
    Germany was embarrassed in front of the whole world.
    Britain became more concerned with Germany
    Britain began military talks in France.
  22. 22What happened in Morocco 1911??France intervened with a revolt against the sultan. This angered Germany because it still wanted a share in Morocco.
  23. 23So what did Germany do??Sent a gun ship "the panther" to agadir.
  24. 24What did other countries do in response to this?It upset Britain because they thought it wanted a naval base there. This cause the Treaty of fez to be signed which Gave Germany swampy land in central Africa and morocco to France.
  25. 25Consequences of the Agadir crisis 1911??Germany was humiliated again.
    Confirms Britain's suspicions. Britain had naval agreements with France now (their relationship turned military)
    Italy wavers
  26. 26What happened to Bosnia in 1908?It left the Ottoman Empire and Was annexed by Austria-Hungry
  27. 27Why did this annoy Serbia??Because Serbia wanted it to be part of "Greater Serbia". And it has a large Serbian Population.
  28. 28Who supports Serbia and why??Russia because it wants influence in the Balkans for its navy. Also they share the same ethnicity of people.
  29. 29Who supports Austris-Hungry?Germany
  30. 30What happened after Bosnia was ANNEXED?Russia called an international conference. This was refused by Germany and Germany just threatened war. Russia backs down
  31. 31Why does Russia back down??Because it is not yet strong enough to hold its own against Germany in a war.
  32. 32What were the consequences of this??Austria- Hungry felt like it had Germany's full support.
    Russia didn't want to be humiliating again. Starts to build up arms and build rail ways.
    Serbia angry.
  33. 33What happened in Sarajevo?In 1914. Franz Ferdinand was shot by the black hand gang.
  34. 34What did Austria-Hungry do to retaliate to this?Sent the 10-point ultimatum to serbia
  35. 35What did Serbia do??Serbia agreed to all of them but point 6. Which stating that The Austrian police could deal with the black hand gang.
  36. 36What happens after this??The Austrian government Declare war.
  37. 37How did this lead to the out break of war??Serbia asked Russia which led Russia to mobilise. Which made Germany declare war on Russia. Which because the the alliance between Russia and France caused France to be involved in the war which activated the Schifflen plan. Which got Britain involved
  38. 38What was the Schieffen plan?? what was the plan??A war plan for Germany. It was to avoid a war on two fronts.
    Germany would go through Belgium and attack France from the back where they didn't expect it. Once they took out France they would take out Russia.
  39. 39Why didn't it work?It relied on speed and Russia being slow to mobilise..
    But Belgium fought back which slowed them down and Russia Mobilised faster than originally thought. Also the journey for the German troops would have taken took too long and they didn't make it.
  40. 40In what year was the armistice signed?1919
  41. 41What were the German Politicians called??November Criminals
  42. 42What did Clemenceau want from the treaty of Versailles?He wanted Revenge. He wanted Security for France. And to completely disarm Germany and split it into states.
  43. 43What did Lloyd george SAY he wanted? and Why?He said he wanted to get revenge on Germany.
    Because he wanted to get elected and the British public were very angry at Germany
  44. 44What did he really want from the treaty of Versailles.He wanted to maintain a good relationship with Germany for trade so he wanted to rebuild germanys economy and not be too harsh.
  45. 45What did Woodrow Wilson want from Treaty of versailles?14 points
  46. 46What were the main points of the 14 points??League of Nations
    Self-determination.
    Countries to disarm
    No empires
  47. 47What were the Actual terms of the treaty??Blame
    Reparations
    Army - Reduced
    Loss of territory
  48. 48What did Blame mean for Germany?Germany had to take 100% of the blame. Clause 231
  49. 49What did reparations mean for Germany??They had to pay 6.6 billion dollars to european countries.
  50. 50What were the military restrictions put on Germany??Army limited to 100,000
    Navy restricted to 150,000
    6 battleship
    No subs
    No airforce
    Rhineland was Demilitarised.
  51. 51Give some example of land loss of Germany??Alsace Lorraine was restored to France
    Saar Coalfield was put under L of N control for 15 years.
    Poland took Posen, The polish corridor.
    The land Germany took the the brest-litovsk treaty was given back to Russia.
    LOST 1/10 OF ITS LAND
  52. 52Was Clemenceau happy with the treaty ? and why? what did he get out of it?No. It wasn't enough.
    he got Alsace Lorraine
    Rhineland
    Saar
    Weakened Germany
    Reparations.
  53. 53Was Lloyd George Happy with the treaty and why? What did he get out of it?Partially. He thought it was too harsh and would lead to another war.
    He got german empire.
    weakened german navy
  54. 54Was Woodrow wilson happy with the treaty? Give reasons. What did he get out of it.League of Nations and some self-determination.
    Thought it was too harsh
  55. 55What was Germany's Reaction to the treaty??Thought it was a Diktat. Hated it
  56. 56Why would you say the Treaty could be harsher.Because The brest-litovsk was harsher and Clemenceau Wanted it to be spilt into states which it wasn't.
  57. 57What was the purpose of the league?To improve lives
    Enforce treaty of versailles
    Stop wars
  58. 58Which country never joined and why??America because it was in isolationism.
  59. 59Why was America in isolationism?Because It had many German immigrants who disliked the treaty.
    It didn't like the old world
    It didn't want anymore American deaths over european affairs.
  60. 60Why was it bad that America never joined?It was a main trading power which meant they couldn't enforce Economic sanctions. It also was the only country economically stable enough to supply an army for the military sanctions.
  61. 61How many founding members of the league of nations were there?42
  62. 62Which countries were initially not allowed to join?USSR and Germany
  63. 63Did these countries ever join?Yes Germany in 1926 (after it signed the Locarno Treaty)
    USSR joined in 1934 when it was trying to get protection from Hitler
  64. 64Which members left, before the league failed?Japan in 1933 (Manchuria)
    Germany 1933 (disarmament)
    Italy in 1937 (Abyssinia)
    USSR in 1939 (Nazi-soviet)
  65. 65STRUCTURE OF THE LEAGUE. What was the Assembly?Every country in the league sent a representative to the Assembly. It met once a year to discuss various issues. Votes had to be unanimous.
  66. 66What was the council?Was a smaller group that et several times a year and during emergencies. The council had 4 permanent members, Britain, France, Italy and Japan.
  67. 67What were the permanent members?The were 4 main countries that had the power of veto (Which meant a single no could stop an action being passed)
  68. 68What was the "Secretariat"?Basically an international civil service. It kept records and prepared reports. But it was very under staffed.
  69. 69What was the permanent court of international justice?It was intended to help settle disputed peacefully. Its decisions were made by judges for member countries. But had no power
  70. 70Name some agencies.Health organisation
    International labour organisation
    Slavery commission
    Commission for refugees
    Permanent mandates commission (dealt with Germanys colonies)
  71. 71Why did it's structure lead to its failure?It wasn't well organised so it took ages to get things done.
    Unanimous voting was bad because the members couldn't agree, so nothing was decided.
    Many members left. The permanent members only wanted self interest.
  72. 72Why did the membership of he league lead to the failure of the league?Because its permanent members we useless, Japan and Italy left. Britain and France, did nothing
    Non of the members could supply an army so it was weak.
  73. 73When and what was the disarmament conference??1932. Germany was concerned because no other countries disarmed, so there was a conference to discuss is Germany should re arm or everyone else disarm.
  74. 74What were the consequences of the disarmament conference?Germany used it as an excuse to leave and began secretly re-arming.
  75. 75What was the invasion of the Ruhr?France and Belgium invaded the Ruhr (in Germany) to get them to pay their reparations.
  76. 76Why was this seen as a failure of the league?Because it showed them as bullies and that they broke their own rules (It broke the peace)
  77. 77When was the Manchuria Crisis?1931
  78. 78What happened in the Manchuria crisis?Japan had no resources and it was a strong military nation. Manchuria had many raw materials that Japan needed. China was Weak... In sept. 1931 there was an explosion on the Japanese Railway in Manchuria. They blames china and attacked. The chinese were quickly defeated.
  79. 79What did China do in retaliation?Appealed to the league. They claimed that Japan had committed an act of aggression. Japan claimed they went too restore order.
  80. 80What was the leagues problem?Japan was a member of the permanent council and it was far away so didn't really concern them.
  81. 81What did the league do in response?The sent Lytton to make a report on the situation, it took a whole year to produce the report and was released a year later in 1932. Later in 1933 they condemned Japans actions and set up moral sanctions against Japan.
  82. 82How did Japan respond?Japan simply left the league and invaded more of Chinas land.
  83. 83How did the Manchuria crisis lead to the failure of the league?Lost a permanent member. Made it look weak because it couldn't even get its own member to follow the rules.
  84. 84What was the Stresa Front?A pact agreed by Britain and France and Italy to work together to prevent German expansion. MADE 1935
  85. 85What was the Abyssinian Crisis about?Italy wanted Abyssinia, in 1935 Italy invades Abyssinia. There is an unequal battle and Abyssinia appeals to the league.
  86. 86What did the league do?They introduced Moral sanctions, which upset mussolini. Then introduced economic sanctions but only on the sales of arms and rubber. NOT OIL, COAL, OR IRON.
  87. 87What did Britain and France do?The set up the Hoare-leval pact which gave Mussolini 2/3 of Abyssinia. Mussolini accepted but when the pact was leaked to the public it was so unpopular it had to be dropped.
  88. 88What were the consequences of the league's actions?Italy left the league in 1936 because she felt betrayed. The stresa front collapses and Italy signs the Rome-Berlin Axis, with Hitler.
  89. 89How did this lead to the failure of the league?It showed that its members only cared abut self-interest so it was weak. It also lost another permanent member. Also looked weak because it could control its own members.
  90. 90What were the causes of the failure of the league?Lack of power - It never had many powerful nations such as USSR and USA.
    It's peace keeping powers were useless, it didn't have good countries for economic sanctions and didn't have an army for military sanctions.
    France and Britain never wanted to have the league it was just stuck with it. Self-interest.
  91. 91What was Hitler's foreign policy?R re-arm
    U unite all german speakers
    D destroy communism
    E expand eastward.
    And abolish T of v
  92. 92In which year did Hitler become Chancellor?1933
  93. 93What other event happened in this year?The disarmament and Hitler uses this as an excuse to leave the league of nations.
  94. 94What Pact did Hitler make with Poland and what year?10-year-non-agression pact with poland in 1934. Which stated that Hitler would not attack them to put them off their guard, so it had protection from USSR.
  95. 95What pact did Germany make with Britain and what did it state?... Which year as well......Anglo-german Naval agreement. it said that Germany can build up its army but only to a third of the size Britain's navy. 1935.
  96. 96What year was the return of the Saar? and what happened?1935.
    There was a plebicite to see if the people that lived in the Saar wanted to, go to Germany, France or stay in the League of Nations. Hitler sent his army in to bully the people into saying they wanted to be under German control.
  97. 97In which years did Hitler start to re-arm.In 1933 after the disarmament conference, Hitler secretly re-armed. But in 1935 Hitler introduced conscription and started openly re-arm.
  98. 98What event happened in 1936??remilitarisation of Rhineland
  99. 99What were the events of Rhineland?Hitler sent in his troops to the Rhineland, saying that if they met any opposition they were to retreat. But they met no opposition, and took back the Rhineland.
  100. 100Why did Hitler meet no opposition??Because Britain and France were too busy focusing on Abyssinia, and France would not act without Britains support and Britain thought that Hitler was just going into his "own back garden"
  101. 101What was Anschluss and which year was it?Successful Anschluss was in 1938, and Its when Germany and Austria joined.
  102. 102What were the events of Anschluss?Hitler encourages nazi riots and demonstrations in Austria. When Schuschnigg met with Hitler, Hitler forced his Nazi friend, Inqurt, into a high-up position. Schuschnigg organises a plebiscite and Hitler puts troops on the boarder to pressurise him. Schuschnigg resigns and Inquart takes over. He then invites Hitler in and the Plebiscite goes ahead and the vote is 98% yes!!
  103. 103What did Britain and France do to Anschluss?No action. Britain thought it was only natural and France didn't want to act without Britain.
  104. 104What was Britains foreign policy in 1930's? and what did it state?Appeasement.
    Britain would give in to Germany's reasonable demands.
  105. 105What were reasons for Appeasement?Gave Britain time to rearm.
    They believed the treaty was un-fair.
    They didn't want another world war--- still recovering.
    Hitler was a blockade for communism.
  106. 106What are the arguments against appeasement?It encouraged Hitler
    Allowed Germany to grow strong
    It scared USSR
    Too much trust into Hitler's promises
    End up betraying other countries.
  107. 107What year was the Sudetenland Crisis?1938
  108. 108Why did Hitler want the Sudetenland?German speakers there.
    Strong military
    large Army
    living space
    lots of coal and factories.
    Use to be german land?
  109. 109How does Hitler get the Sudetenland?Hitler, sends in Nazis to start civil unrest also moves troops on to the boarder, puts pressure on Czechoslovakia.
    Chamberlain desperate to avoid war, he flew to meet Hitler to negotiate, after two meetings Chamberlain handed over the sudetenland to Hitler at the Munich conference.
  110. 110What was the Munich agreement and what year?1938
    And Italy, France and Britain and Germany, were at the Munich conference, (USSR and Czech were not invited) They decided that Sudetenland would be handed over to Hitler.
  111. 111What did Hitler do after he took the Sudetenland?In 1939 Hitler took over the rest of Czechoslovakia.
  112. 112What were the consequences of this action?Marked the end of appeasement because it showed Hitler could not be trusted.
    Britain signed a pact with Poland stating that he would protect them if Hitler attacked!!
    Britain started to re-arm. Conscription introduced.
    Germany withdrew the non-aggression pact with Poland
  113. 113What year was the Nazi-soviet pact and what was it?1939.
    Publicly, It was a non-aggression pact with USSR and Hitler.
    In secret, it divides up Poland between them.
  114. 114What were reasons for the Nazi-soviet pact?Avoids war on two fronts
    Allowed to invade Poland
  115. 115When did Poland get taken over?In 1939
  116. 116How did this start war?Because Britain had a pact with Poland and when that was taken over It STARTED WAR!!!!! WW2. BOMBS. DEATH. BLITZ. ETC.....

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GCSE History Flashcards on History paper 1, created by Evie Horne on 06/05/2016.
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Evie Horne · May 2016
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Feb 3, 2018
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