Flashcards
Relationships Flashcards
Cards in this deck (14)
- 1Formation AO1Reward/need satisfaction - Byrne and Clore
-attracted to people we find satisfying to be with
Classical (association) (UCS, UCR, UCS, NS, UCR, NS, CR) and operant (rewards) conditioning
-positive feelings have to outweigh the negative feelings
Similarity - avoid dissimilar people - 2Formation AO2Griffit and Guay - experimenter evaluated ppts on a creative task
positive evaluation = ppts like the experimenter
Aron et al - physiological support
-high score on love quiz = strong activity in ventral tegmental area
-evolutionary to speed up mating process
Rosenbaum - dissimilarity repulsion hypothesis
lab study - 3Parental investment AO1the sex that makes the larger investment will be more choosy, the lower investing sex competes
Female investment is higher
Increased brain size over evolution - humans born relatively immature
Women - limited eggs
Sexual jealousy - woman risks losing resources, men risks cuckoldry - 4Parental investment AO2cuckoldry - better genes - risk of being abandoned
Baker and Bellis -2700 UK women
-14% were products of extra marital affairs
Anderson - fathers and stepfathers
-no discrimination
Buss - male US students concerned about infidelity
female students concerned about emotional infidelity
reductionist - 5Sexual selection AO1Intrasexual selection - members of one sex compete with each other for access to members of the opposite sex
Inter sexual selection - the preference of one sex for members of the opposite sex who possess certain qualities
STMP - men desire sex early in a relationship - more women = more passed on genes
decrease in attraction after sex
LTMP - high choosiness because investment high - 6Sexual selection AO2Buss - 10000 ppts, 37 cultures
women desire men with resources
A study of actual marriages in 29 cultures supports that men desire younger women
younger women are more fertile
however Kendrick et al say that teenage males prefer older women (5 yrs older)
Menstrual cycle - fertile days = masculine
gender bias - must be a woman for a man to have a sexual encounter with
only focuses on heterosexual relationships - 7Breakdown AO1lack of skills
lack of stimulation
maintenance
Breakdown
Intrapsychic process (brooding)
Dyadic process(discussion)
Social process (public)
Grave dressing (saving face)
Resurrection (sense of self value) - 8Breakdown AO2RWA- couples coping enhancement training
Affairs - men cheat for sex, women cheat for emotional reasons
70% students have experienced a LTDR - easy to maintain
Tashiro and Frazier - undergrads who'd suffered a breakup - distress but personal growth
ethics
gender differences - women stress unhappiness, men stress sexual withholding - 9Maintenance AO1Social exchange - profits must outweigh the costs
rewards include sex, being cared for
comparison level is the standard against all relationships are judged
-product of experiences and general views
when looking for alternatives - compare current and potential
Equity - inequity causes distress
equity isn't equality
a partners benefits minus the costs must equal their partners benefits minus the costs - 10Maintenance AO2Rustbult and Martz - why women stay in abusive relationships - low alternatives - supports SET
Simpson et al - asked ppts to rate photos of people on attractiveness
-those in relationships give lower ratings
Doesn't explain why people leave relationships with no alternatives
Clark and Mills- relationships governed by a desire to respond to needs
gender differences - men and women judge equity differently - 11Childhood influence AO1Shaver et al - romantic love is and integration of IWM, caregiving, continuity hypothesis
(Springer) Abuse leads to depression, anxiety, anger
psychological impairment means theres a trust difficulty
Nangle - friends create trust, acceptance, and a sense of belonging
The way a child thinks about themselves is determined by experiences
this determines how they approach adult relationships
Adolescent relationships - new type of emotional and physical intimacy - 12Childhood influence AO2Fraley - meta analysis
0.1-0.5 correlation between early attachment and later relationships
insecure avoidant is unstable
Berenson and Anderson - adult women who had been abused as a child had negative reactions towards other people but only those who remind them of the abusive parent
Girls have more intimate friendships than boys
Haynie - romantic involvement in adolescents increased deviance by 35%
Simpson et al - 25 year long study, 78 ppts
looked at:
infancy (attachment)
childhood (peer interaction)
Adolescents (friendships)
Adults (relationships)
early social experiences relate to adult romantic relationships
securely attached - high social competence - close friends - emotionally attached
attrition
small sample
not valid in all cultures - 13Culture AO1(non)voluntary relationships
-non western cultures have less interaction/mate choice
Individualist - focus on individual happiness
Collectivist - focus on group interests
Levine - 11 countries
asked ppts if they'd marry someone they didn't love
individualist - 14%
collectivist - 34% - 14Culture AO2Myres - no difference in marital satisfaction between (non)voluntary relationships
Chengdu - parental dominance dropped from 70%-10%
women felt happier if they married for love
Pinker - love evolved to promote survival
Methodology interpreted differently in different cultures
cultural bias - rom coms create a warped sense of a perfect relationship
Johnson and Holmes - 40 top box office films
questionnaire
fans of rom coms had relationship views that were reflected in the films
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- A level Psychology Flashcards on Relationships Flashcards, created by u29smithc on 06/06/2016.
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- u29smithc
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