Flashcards
Unit 3 Terms and Concepts
Cards in this deck (50)
- 1Achievement TestsTests that gauge a person's mastery and knowledge of various subjects.
- 2Adoption StudiesResearch studies that assess hereditary influence by examining the resemblance between adopted children and both their biological and adoptive parents.
- 3Aptitude TestsPsychological tests used to assess talent for specific types of mental ability.
- 4Construct ValidityThe extent to which there is evidence that a test measures a particular hypothetical construct.
- 5Content ValidityThe degree to which the content of a test is representative of the domain it's supposed to cover.
- 6Convergent ThinkingNarrowing down a list of alternatives to converge on a single correct answer.
- 7Correlation CoefficientA numerical index of the degree of relationship between two variables.
- 8CreativityThe generation of ideas that are original, novel, and useful.
- 9Criterion-Related ValidityTest validity that is estimated by correlating subjects' scores on a test with their scores on a independent criterion (another measure) of the trait assessed by the test.
- 10Crystallized IntelligenceOne's ability to apply acquired skills and knowledge in problem solving.
- 11Deviation IQ ScoresScores that locate subjects precisely within the normal distribution, using the standard deviation as the unit of measurement.
- 12Divergent ThinkingTrying to expand the range of alternatives by generating many possible solutions.
- 13Down SyndromeA condition marked by distinctive physical characteristics (slanted eyes, stubby limbs, and thin hair) that is associated with mild to severe intellectual disability.
- 14Emotional IntelligenceThe ability to perceive and express emotion, assimilate emotion in thought, understand and reason with emotion, and regulate emotion.
- 15Factor AnalysisStatistical analysis of correlations among many variables to identify closely related clusters of variables.
- 16Fluid IntelligenceOne's reasoning ability, memory capacity, and speed of information processing.
- 17Fragile X SyndromeA common case of hereditary intellectual disability, which is a mutation in the inherited gene.
- 18GiftednessPeople who obtain an IQ of more than 130.
- 19Heredity (and Intelligence)Based on Galton's findings, intelligence is not necessarily fully hereditary.
- 20Heritability RatioAn estimate of the proportion of trait variability in a population that is determined by variations in genetic inheritance.
- 21HydrocephalyAn excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the skull that destroys brain tissue and causes retardation.
- 22Intellectual DisabilitySubnormal general mental ability accompanied by deficiencies in everyday living skills originating prior to age 18 (mental retardation).
- 23Intelligence Quotient (IQ)A child's mental age divided by chronological age, multiplied by 100.
- 24Intelligence TestPsychological tests that measure general mental ability,
- 25Mental AgeIn intelligence testing, a score that indicates that a child displays the mental ability typical of that chronological (actual) age.
- 26Normal DistributionA symmetric, bell-shaped curve that represents a pattern in which many characteristics are dispersed in the population.
- 27Percentile ScoreA figure that indicates the percentage of people who score below the score one has obtained.
- 28Personality TestPsychological tests that measure various aspects of personality, including motives, interests, values and attitudes.
- 29PhenylketonuriaA metabolic disorder that can lead to intellectual disability if it is not caught and treated in infancy.
- 30Psychological TestA standardized measure of a sample of a person's behaviour.
- 31Reaction RangeGenetically determined limits on IQ or other traits.
- 32ReificationGiving an abstract concept a name and then treating it as though it were a concrete, tangible object.
- 33ReliabilityThe measurement consistency of a test (or other kinds of measurement techniques).
- 34StandardizationThe uniform procedures used in the administration and scoring of a test.
- 35Stereotype VulnerabilityWhen derogatory stereotypes of stigmatized groups' intellectual capacities create unique feelings of vulnerability in the educational arena.
- 36Test NormsStandards that provide information about where a score on a psychological test ranks in relation to other scores on that test.
- 37Test-Retest ReliabilityEstimated by by comparing subjects' scores on two administrations of a test.
- 38Twin StudiesA research design in which hereditary influence is assessed by comparing the resemblance of identical twins and fraternal twins with respect to a trait.
- 39ValidityThe ability of a test to measure what it was designed to measure.
- 40Alfred BinetInvented the first useful general mental ability test, the Binet-Simon.
- 41James FlynnDiscovered the increase of intelligence over generations contributed to environmental factors, dubbed the Flynn Effect.
- 42Sir Francis GaltonStudied heredity and intelligence with no success, but also coined the phrase "nature v. nurture" as well as defined Correlation and Percentile scores.
- 43Howard GardnerCreated the Gardner's Eight Intelligence's as a response to limited IQ testing of other types of traits.
- 44Arthur JensenAsserted that Hereditability accounts for 80% of the intelligence one possesses.
- 45Eileen LudersStudied the correlations between grey and white matter with intelligence.
- 46Sandra ScarrConceptualized the idea of Reaction Range.
- 47Claude SteeleStudied Stereotype Vulnerability.
- 48Robert SternbergCreator of the Triarchic Theory of Intelligence.
- 49Lewis TermanRevised the Binet-Simon and created the Standford-Binet, which added the use of the intelligence Quotient (IQ)
- 50David WechslerCreated the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, due to the Standford-Binet not being applicable to adult intelligence testing.
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- beginner Psychology (290) Flashcards on Unit 3 Terms and Concepts, created by Patrick Schorno on 07/06/2016.
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