61071
Description
Flashcards by alexlpeart, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by alexlpeart
almost 11 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| How much glycogen would you expect in a well fed persons liver and muscles? | 100g in liver and 400g in muscle. |
| Why does gluconeogenesis always occur in the liver. | The liver is the only place which has the glucose-6-phosphatase enzyme required to convert glucose-6-phosphate to glucose. |
| Describe the process of adding glucose onto glycogen. | Glucose-1-phosphate is reacted with UTP by the enzyme UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase which forms UDP glucose (glucose with a uridine on it). UDP glucose then attaches to glycogen strands by the enzyme glycogen synthase. |
| Describe how branches are formed in glycogen. Why are branches beneficial in glycogen? | Long chains of glucose molecules joined by a 1-4 glycosidic bond are cleaved by branching enzymes and then reattached on the 1-6 glycosidic bond position forming a branch. Branches allow for quicker breakdown and more efficient storage of glycogen. |
| What molecule do we need present when we break glucose from glycogen chain? What molecule is formed when glucose is cleaved from the end of a glycogen chain? | Inorganic phosphate (Pi). Forms glucose-1-phosphate. |
| What enzymes cause glycogen synthase to become active or inactive? What external factors might influence these enzymes? | Protein phosphatase activates glycogen synthase, Glucose-6-phosphate and insulin activate protein phosphatase. Protein kinase A deactivates glycogen synthase which is activated by glucagon, adrenaline and Ca2+. |
| Does insulin cause GLUT 4 to move to or away from the cell membrain? | Towards the cell membrain. |
| What is allosteric regulation? | Regulation by protein molecules |
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